Method and apparatus for receiving a synchronization signal

ABSTRACT

A method of receiving a downlink (DL) signal by a user equipment (UE) operating on a frequency band above 6 GHz in a wireless communication system is discussed. The method includes receiving system information including first information related to one or more synchronization signal (SS) and PBCH (SS/PBCH) block groups and second information related to one or more SS/PBCH blocks within each of the one or more of SS/PBCH block groups; and receiving the DL signal in resources other than resources used for the one or more SS/PBCH blocks within each of the one or more of SS/PBCH block groups indicated by the first and second information.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This Application is a Continuation of co-pending U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 16/064,938 filed on Jun. 21, 2018, which is the National Phaseof PCT International Application No. PCT/KR2018/004860 filed on Apr. 26,2018, which claims the priority benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S.Provisional Application Nos. 62/544,212 filed on Aug. 11, 2017 and62/502,543 filed on May 5, 2017, all of which are hereby expresslyincorporated by reference into the present application.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a method of receiving a synchronizationsignal and an apparatus therefor, and more particularly, to a method ofindicating an index of an actually transmitted synchronization signalamong synchronization signal candidates determined according tosubcarrier spacing, a method of receiving a synchronization signal basedon the index, and an apparatus therefor.

Discussion of the Related Art

As more communication devices require greater communication traffic,necessity for a next generation 5G system corresponding to mobilebroadband communication, which is enhanced compared to a legacy LTEsystem, is emerging. In the next generation 5G system, scenarios can beclassified into Enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), Ultra-reliableMachine-Type Communications (uMTC), Massive Machine-Type Communications(mMTC), and the like.

The eMBB corresponds to a next generation mobile communication scenariohaving such a characteristic as high spectrum efficiency, high userexperienced data rate, high peak data rate, and the like, the uMTCcorresponds to a next generation mobile communication scenario havingsuch a characteristic as ultra-reliable, ultra-low latency, ultra-highavailability, and the like (e.g., V2X, Emergency Service, RemoteControl), and the mMTC corresponds to a next generation mobilecommunication scenario having such a characteristic as low cost, lowenergy, short packet, and massive connectivity (e.g., IoT).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a method of receiving asynchronization signal and an apparatus therefor.

Technical tasks obtainable from the present invention are non-limited bythe abovementioned technical task. And, other unmentioned technicaltasks can be clearly understood from the following description by thosehaving ordinary skill in the technical field to which the presentinvention pertains.

To achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with the purposeof the present invention, as embodied and broadly described, accordingto one embodiment, a method of receiving a synchronization signal block,which is received by a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communicationsystem, includes receiving a message containing a synchronization signalblock group indicator, which indicates one or more synchronizationsignal block groups containing at least one transmission synchronizationsignal block, among a plurality of synchronization signal block groupsgrouping the prescribed number of candidate synchronization signal blockpositions of a synchronization signal block consisting of a primarysynchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, and aphysical broadcast channel signal, and receiving the at least onetransmission synchronization signal block based on the message.

In particular, the message can further include a first synchronizationsignal block indicator indicating the at least one transmissionsynchronization signal block contained in the one or moresynchronization signal block groups.

The message can be received when the UE operates on a frequency bandexceeding a specific value.

If the UE operates on a frequency band equal to or less than a specificvalue, a second synchronization signal block indicator indicating aposition at which a transmission synchronization signal block istransmitted is received on the frequency band equal to or less than thespecific value using a bitmap of which each bit corresponds to acandidate synchronization signal block position and a synchronizationsignal block can be received based on the second synchronization signalblock indicator.

The synchronization signal block group indicator can indicate the one ormore synchronization signal block groups using a bitmap.

The first synchronization signal block indicator may correspond toinformation on the number of the at least one transmissionsynchronization signal block included in the one or more synchronizationsignal block groups.

The first synchronization signal block indicator can indicate a positionof the at least one transmission synchronization signal block within theone or more synchronization signal block groups.

If the at least one transmission synchronization signal block isreceived, a signal rather than the at least one transmissionsynchronization signal block may not be received in a resourcecorresponding to the at least one transmission synchronization signalblock.

A second synchronization signal block indicator indicating a position atwhich the at least one transmission synchronization signal block istransmitted is further received using a bitmap of which each bitcorresponds to a candidate synchronization signal block position. If thefirst synchronization signal block group indicator is collided withinformation of a second synchronization signal block indicator, the atleast one transmission synchronization signal block can be receivedbased on the second synchronization signal block indicator.

A value resulted from multiplying the number of synchronization signalblock groups capable of being indicated by the first synchronizationsignal block group indicator by the number of transmissionsynchronization signal blocks capable of being indicated by the firstsynchronization signal block indicator corresponds to the number oftransmission synchronization signal blocks capable of being indicated bythe second synchronization signal block indicator.

To further achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with thepurpose of the present invention, according to a different embodiment, auser equipment (UE) receiving a synchronization signal in a wirelesscommunication system includes an RF module configured to transceive aradio signal with a base station, and a processor configured to receivea message including a synchronization signal block group indicator,which indicates one or more synchronization signal block groupscontaining at least one transmission synchronization signal block, amonga plurality of synchronization signal block groups grouping theprescribed number of candidate synchronization block positions of asynchronization signal block consisting of a primary synchronizationsignal, a secondary synchronization signal, and a physical broadcastchannel signal in a manner of being connected with the RF module, theprocessor configured to receive the at least one transmissionsynchronization signal block based on the message.

In particular, the message can further include a first synchronizationsignal block indicator indicating the at least one transmissionsynchronization signal block included in the one or more synchronizationsignal block groups.

The message can be received when the UE operates on a frequency bandexceeding a specific value.

If the UE operates on a frequency band equal to or less than a specificvalue, the processor is configured to receive a second synchronizationsignal block indicator indicating a position at which a transmissionsynchronization signal block is transmitted on the frequency band equalto or less than the specific value using a bitmap of which each bitcorresponds to a candidate synchronization signal block position andreceive a synchronization signal block based on the secondsynchronization signal block indicator.

The synchronization signal block group indicator can indicate the one ormore synchronization signal block groups using a bitmap.

To further achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with thepurpose of the present invention, according to a further differentembodiment, a method of measuring a frequency, which is measured by auser equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, includesreceiving a synchronization signal block indicator indicating at leastone candidate synchronization signal block including a transmissionsynchronization signal block among candidate synchronization signalblock positions of a synchronization signal block consisting of aprimary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, anda physical broadcast channel signal, and performing measurementassociated with a frequency on which the transmission synchronizationsignal block is transmitted using a transmission synchronization signalblock corresponding to the at least one candidate synchronization signalblock.

The synchronization signal block indicator can indicate the at least onecandidate synchronization signal block using a bitmap.

To further achieve these and other advantages and in accordance with thepurpose of the present invention, according to a further differentembodiment, a user equipment (UE) measuring a frequency in a wirelesscommunication system includes an RF module configured to transceive aradio signal with a base station, and a processor configured to receivea synchronization signal block indicator indicating at least onecandidate synchronization signal block including a transmissionsynchronization signal block among candidate synchronization signalblock positions of a synchronization signal block consisting of aprimary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, anda physical broadcast channel signal in a manner of being connected withthe RF module, the processor configured to perform measurementassociated with a frequency on which the transmission synchronizationsignal block is transmitted using a transmission synchronization signalblock corresponding to the at least one candidate synchronization signalblock.

The synchronization signal block indicator can indicate the at least onecandidate synchronization signal block using a bitmap.

According to the present invention, although the number ofsynchronization signal candidates is equal to or greater than aprescribed number, it is able to indicate an index of a transmittedsynchronization signal using the small number of bits, thereby reducingsignaling overhead.

It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that that theeffects that could be achieved with the present invention are notlimited to what has been particularly described hereinabove and otheradvantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood fromthe following detailed description taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram for structures of control and user planes of radiointerface protocol between a 3GPP radio access network standard-baseduser equipment and E-UTRAN;

FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining physical channels used for 3GPPsystem and a general signal transmission method using the physicalchannels;

FIG. 3 is a diagram for a structure of a radio frame in LTE system;

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a radio frame structure fortransmitting an SS (synchronization signal) in LTE system;

FIG. 5 illustrates a structure of a downlink radio frame in the LTEsystem;

FIG. 6 illustrates a structure of an uplink subframe in the LTE system;

FIG. 7 illustrates examples of a connection scheme between TXRUs andantenna elements;

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a self-contained subframe structure;

FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of mapping asynchronization signal sequence to a resource element;

FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment of generating aprimary synchronization signal sequence;

FIGS. 11 to 13 are diagrams for explaining a measurement result ofdetection performance and PAPR (peak to average power ratio) performancewhen a synchronization signal is transmitted according to an embodimentof the present invention;

FIGS. 14 and 15 are diagrams for explaining embodiments of multiplexinga PSS/SSS/PBCH within a synchronization signal;

FIGS. 16 to 22 are diagrams for explaining a method of configuring asynchronization signal burst and a synchronization signal burst set;

FIGS. 23 to 25 are diagrams for explaining a method of indexing asynchronization signal and a method of indicating the index;

FIGS. 26 to 42 are diagrams for a measurement result of performanceaccording to embodiments of the present invention;

FIGS. 43 and 44 are diagrams for explaining embodiments of configuring abandwidth for a synchronization signal and a downlink common channel;and

FIG. 45 is a block diagram of a communication apparatus according to anembodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The configuration, operation, and other features of the presentdisclosure will readily be understood with embodiments of the presentdisclosure described with reference to the attached drawings.Embodiments of the present disclosure as set forth herein are examplesin which the technical features of the present disclosure are applied toa 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) system.

While embodiments of the present disclosure are described in the contextof Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, they arepurely exemplary. Therefore, the embodiments of the present disclosureare applicable to any other communication system as long as the abovedefinitions are valid for the communication system.

The term ‘Base Station (BS)’ may be used to cover the meanings of termsincluding Remote Radio Head (RRH), evolved Node B (eNB or eNode B),Reception Point (RP), relay, etc.

FIG. 1 illustrates control-plane and user-plane protocol stacks in aradio interface protocol architecture conforming to a 3GPP wirelessaccess network standard between a User Equipment (UE) and an EvolvedUMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN). The control plane is apath in which the UE and the E-UTRAN transmit control messages to managecalls, and the user plane is a path in which data generated from anapplication layer, for example, voice data or Internet packet data istransmitted.

A PHYsical (PHY) layer at Layer 1 (L1) provides information transferservice to its higher layer, a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. ThePHY layer is connected to the MAC layer via transport channels. Thetransport channels deliver data between the MAC layer and the PHY layer.Data is transmitted on physical channels between the PHY layers of atransmitter and a receiver. The physical channels use time and frequencyas radio resources. Specifically, the physical channels are modulated inOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) for Downlink (DL)and in Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) forUplink (UL).

The MAC layer at Layer 2 (L2) provides service to its higher layer, aRadio Link Control (RLC) layer via logical channels. The RLC layer at L2supports reliable data transmission. RLC functionality may beimplemented in a function block of the MAC layer. A Packet DataConvergence Protocol (PDCP) layer at L2 performs header compression toreduce the amount of unnecessary control information and thusefficiently transmit Internet Protocol (IP) packets such as IP version 4(IPv4) or IP version 6 (IPv6) packets via an air interface having anarrow bandwidth.

A Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer at the lowest part of Layer 3 (orL3) is defined only on the control plane. The RRC layer controls logicalchannels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation toconfiguration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers. A radiobearer refers to a service provided at L2, for data transmission betweenthe UE and the E-UTRAN. For this purpose, the RRC layers of the UE andthe E-UTRAN exchange RRC messages with each other. If an RRC connectionis established between the UE and the E-UTRAN, the UE is in RRCConnected mode and otherwise, the UE is in RRC Idle mode. A Non-AccessStratum (NAS) layer above the RRC layer performs functions includingsession management and mobility management.

DL transport channels used to deliver data from the E-UTRAN to UEsinclude a Broadcast Channel (BCH) carrying system information, a PagingChannel (PCH) carrying a paging message, and a Shared Channel (SCH)carrying user traffic or a control message. DL multicast traffic orcontrol messages or DL broadcast traffic or control messages may betransmitted on a DL SCH or a separately defined DL Multicast Channel(MCH). UL transport channels used to deliver data from a UE to theE-UTRAN include a Random Access Channel (RACH) carrying an initialcontrol message and a UL SCH carrying user traffic or a control message.Logical channels that are defined above transport channels and mapped tothe transport channels include a Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), aPaging Control Channel (PCCH), a Common Control Channel (CCCH), aMulticast Control Channel (MCCH), a Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH),etc.

FIG. 2 illustrates physical channels and a general method fortransmitting signals on the physical channels in the 3GPP system.

Referring to FIG. 2, when a UE is powered on or enters a new cell, theUE performs initial cell search (S201). The initial cell search involvesacquisition of synchronization to an eNB. Specifically, the UEsynchronizes its timing to the eNB and acquires a cell Identifier (ID)and other information by receiving a Primary Synchronization Channel(P-SCH) and a Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH) from the eNB.Then the UE may acquire information broadcast in the cell by receiving aPhysical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) from the eNB. During the initial cellsearch, the UE may monitor a DL channel state by receiving a DownLinkReference Signal (DL RS).

After the initial cell search, the UE may acquire detailed systeminformation by receiving a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) andreceiving a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) based oninformation included in the PDCCH (S202).

If the UE initially accesses the eNB or has no radio resources forsignal transmission to the eNB, the UE may perform a random accessprocedure with the eNB (S203 to S206). In the random access procedure,the UE may transmit a predetermined sequence as a preamble on a PhysicalRandom Access Channel (PRACH) (S203 and S205) and may receive a responsemessage to the preamble on a PDCCH and a PDSCH associated with the PDCCH(S204 and S206). In the case of a contention-based RACH, the UE mayadditionally perform a contention resolution procedure.

After the above procedure, the UE may receive a PDCCH and/or a PDSCHfrom the eNB (S207) and transmit a Physical Uplink Shared Channel(PUSCH) and/or a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) to the eNB(S208), which is a general DL and UL signal transmission procedure.Particularly, the UE receives Downlink Control Information (DCI) on aPDCCH. Herein, the DCI includes control information such as resourceallocation information for the UE. Different DCI formats are definedaccording to different usages of DCI.

Control information that the UE transmits to the eNB on the UL orreceives from the eNB on the DL includes a DL/UL ACKnowledgment/NegativeACKnowledgment (ACK/NACK) signal, a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), aPrecoding Matrix Index (PMI), a Rank Indicator (RI), etc. In the 3GPPLTE system, the UE may transmit control information such as a CQI, aPMI, an RI, etc. on a PUSCH and/or a PUCCH.

FIG. 3 illustrates a structure of a radio frame used in the LTE system.

Referring to FIG. 3, a radio frame is 10 ms (327200×Ts) long and dividedinto 10 equal-sized subframes. Each subframe is 1 ms long and furtherdivided into two slots. Each time slot is 0.5 ms (15360×Ts) long.Herein, Ts represents a sampling time and Ts=1/(15 kHz×2048)=3.2552×10-8(about 33 ns). A slot includes a plurality of Orthogonal FrequencyDivision Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or SC-FDMA symbols in the timedomain by a plurality of Resource Blocks (RBs) in the frequency domain.In the LTE system, one RB includes 12 subcarriers by 7 (or 6) OFDMsymbols. A unit time during which data is transmitted is defined as aTransmission Time Interval (TTI). The TTI may be defined in units of oneor more subframes. The above-described radio frame structure is purelyexemplary and thus the number of subframes in a radio frame, the numberof slots in a subframe, or the number of OFDM symbols in a slot mayvary.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a radio frame structure fortransmitting an SS (synchronization signal) in LTE system. Inparticular, FIG. 4 illustrates a radio frame structure for transmittinga synchronization signal and PBCH in FDD (frequency division duplex).FIG. 4 (a) shows positions at which the SS and the PBCH are transmittedin a radio frame configured by a normal CP (cyclic prefix) and FIG. 4(b) shows positions at which the SS and the PBCH are transmitted in aradio frame configured by an extended CP.

An SS will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. 4. An SSis categorized into a PSS (primary synchronization signal) and an SSS(secondary synchronization signal). The PSS is used to acquiretime-domain synchronization such as OFDM symbol synchronization, slotsynchronization, etc. and/or frequency-domain synchronization. And, theSSS is used to acquire frame synchronization, a cell group ID, and/or aCP configuration of a cell (i.e. information indicating whether to anormal CP or an extended is used). Referring to FIG. 4, a PSS and an SSSare transmitted through two OFDM symbols in each radio frame.Particularly, the SS is transmitted in first slot in each of subframe 0and subframe 5 in consideration of a GSM (Global System for Mobilecommunication) frame length of 4.6 ms for facilitation of inter-radioaccess technology (inter-RAT) measurement. Especially, the PSS istransmitted in a last OFDM symbol in each of the first slot of subframe0 and the first slot of subframe 5. And, the SSS is transmitted in asecond to last OFDM symbol in each of the first slot of subframe 0 andthe first slot of subframe 5. Boundaries of a corresponding radio framemay be detected through the SSS. The PSS is transmitted in the last OFDMsymbol of the corresponding slot and the SSS is transmitted in the OFDMsymbol immediately before the OFDM symbol in which the PSS istransmitted. According to a transmission diversity scheme for the SS,only a single antenna port is used. However, the transmission diversityscheme for the SS standards is not separately defined in the currentstandard.

Referring to FIG. 4, by detecting the PSS, a UE may know that acorresponding subframe is one of subframe 0 and subframe 5 since the PSSis transmitted every 5 ms but the UE cannot know whether the subframe issubframe 0 or subframe 5. That is, frame synchronization cannot beobtained only from the PSS. The UE detects the boundaries of the radioframe in a manner of detecting an SSS which is transmitted twice in oneradio frame with different sequences.

Having demodulated a DL signal by performing a cell search procedureusing the PSS/SSS and determined time and frequency parameters necessaryto perform UL signal transmission at an accurate time, a UE cancommunicate with an eNB only after obtaining system informationnecessary for a system configuration of the UE from the eNB.

The system information is configured with a master information block(MIB) and system information blocks (SIBs). Each SIB includes a set offunctionally related parameters and is categorized into an MIB, SIB Type1 (SIB1), SIB Type 2 (SIB2), and SIB3 to SIB8 according to the includedparameters.

The MIB includes most frequently transmitted parameters which areessential for a UE to initially access a network served by an eNB. TheUE may receive the MIB through a broadcast channel (e.g. a PBCH). TheMIB includes a downlink system bandwidth (DL BW), a PHICH configuration,and a system frame number (SFN). Thus, the UE can explicitly knowinformation on the DL BW, SFN, and PHICH configuration by receiving thePBCH. On the other hand, the UE may implicitly know information on thenumber of transmission antenna ports of the eNB. The information on thenumber of the transmission antennas of the eNB is implicitly signaled bymasking (e.g. XOR operation) a sequence corresponding to the number ofthe transmission antennas to 16-bit CRC (cyclic redundancy check) usedin detecting an error of the PBCH.

The SIB1 includes not only information on time-domain scheduling forother SIBs but also parameters necessary to determine whether a specificcell is suitable in cell selection. The UE receives the SIB1 viabroadcast signaling or dedicated signaling.

A DL carrier frequency and a corresponding system bandwidth can beobtained by MIB carried by PBCH. A UL carrier frequency and acorresponding system bandwidth can be obtained through systeminformation corresponding to a DL signal. Having received the MIB, ifthere is no valid system information stored in a corresponding cell, aUE applies a value of a DL BW included in the MIB to a UL bandwidthuntil system information block type 2 (SystemInformationBlockType2,SIB2) is received. For example, if the UE obtains the SIB2, the UE isable to identify the entire UL system bandwidth capable of being usedfor UL transmission through UL-carrier frequency and UL-bandwidthinformation included in the SIB2.

In the frequency domain, PSS/SSS and PBCH are transmitted irrespectiveof an actual system bandwidth in total 6 RBs, i.e., 3 RBs in the leftside and 3 RBs in the right side with reference to a DC subcarrierwithin a corresponding OFDM symbol. In other words, the PSS/SSS and thePBCH are transmitted only in 72 subcarriers. Therefore, a UE isconfigured to detect or decode the SS and the PBCH irrespective of adownlink transmission bandwidth configured for the UE.

Having completed the initial cell search, the UE can perform a randomaccess procedure to complete the accessing the eNB. To this end, the UEtransmits a preamble via PRACH (physical random access channel) and canreceive a response message via PDCCH and PDSCH in response to thepreamble. In case of contention based random access, it may transmitadditional PRACH and perform a contention resolution procedure such asPDCCH and PDSCH corresponding to the PDCCH.

Having performed the abovementioned procedure, the UE can performPDCCH/PDSCH reception and PUSCH/PUCCH transmission as a general UL/DLsignal transmission procedure.

The random access procedure is also referred to as a random accesschannel (RACH) procedure. The random access procedure is used forvarious usages including initial access, UL synchronization adjustment,resource allocation, handover, and the like. The random access procedureis categorized into a contention-based procedure and a dedicated (i.e.,non-contention-based) procedure. In general, the contention-based randomaccess procedure is used for performing initial access. On the otherhand, the dedicated random access procedure is restrictively used forperforming handover, and the like. When the contention-based randomaccess procedure is performed, a UE randomly selects a RACH preamblesequence. Hence, a plurality of UEs can transmit the same RACH preamblesequence at the same time. As a result, a contention resolutionprocedure is required thereafter. On the contrary, when the dedicatedrandom access procedure is performed, the UE uses an RACH preamblesequence dedicatedly allocated to the UE by an eNB. Hence, the UE canperform the random access procedure without a collision with a differentUE.

The contention-based random access procedure includes 4 steps describedin the following. Messages transmitted via the 4 steps can berespectively referred to as message (Msg) 1 to 4 in the presentinvention.

-   -   Step 1: RACH preamble (via PRACH) (UE to eNB)    -   Step 2: Random access response (RAR) (via PDCCH and PDSCH (eNB        to)    -   Step 3: Layer 2/Layer 3 message (via PUSCH) (UE to eNB)    -   Step 4: Contention resolution message (eNB to UE)

On the other hand, the dedicated random access procedure includes 3steps described in the following. Messages transmitted via the 3 stepscan be respectively referred to as message (Msg) 0 to 2 in the presentinvention. It may also perform uplink transmission (i.e., step 3)corresponding to PAR as a part of the ransom access procedure. Thededicated random access procedure can be triggered using PDCCH(hereinafter, PDCCH order) which is used for an eNB to indicatetransmission of an RACH preamble.

-   -   Step 0: RACH preamble assignment via dedicated signaling (eNB to        UE)    -   Step 1: RACH preamble (via PRACH) (UE to eNB)    -   Step 2: Random access response (RAR) (via PDCCH and PDSCH) (eNB        to UE)

After the RACH preamble is transmitted, the UE attempts to receive arandom access response (RAR) in a preconfigured time window.Specifically, the UE attempts to detect PDCCH (hereinafter, RA-RNTIPDCCH) (e.g., a CRC masked with RA-RNTI in PDCCH) having RA-RNTI (randomaccess RNTI) in a time window. If the RA-RNTI PDCCH is detected, the UEchecks whether or not there is a RAR for the UE in PDSCH correspondingto the RA-RNTI PDCCH. The RAR includes timing advance (TA) informationindicating timing offset information for UL synchronization, UL resourceallocation information (UL grant information), a temporary UE identifier(e.g., temporary cell-RNTI, TC-RNTI), and the like. The UE can performUL transmission (e.g., message 3) according to the resource allocationinformation and the TA value included in the RAR. HARQ is applied to ULtransmission corresponding to the RAR. In particular, the UE can receivereception response information (e.g., PHICH) corresponding to themessage 3 after the message 3 is transmitted.

A random access preamble (i.e. RACH preamble) consists of a cyclicprefix of a length of TCP and a sequence part of a length of TSEQ. TheTCP and the TSEQ depend on a frame structure and a random accessconfiguration. A preamble format is controlled by higher layer. The RACHpreamble is transmitted in a UL subframe. Transmission of the randomaccess preamble is restricted to a specific time resource and afrequency resource. The resources are referred to as PRACH resources. Inorder to match an index 0 with a PRB and a subframe of a lower number ina radio frame, the PRACH resources are numbered in an ascending order ofPRBs in subframe numbers in the radio frame and frequency domain. Randomaccess resources are defined according to a PRACH configuration index(refer to 3GPP TS 36.211 standard document). The RACH configurationindex is provided by a higher layer signal (transmitted by an eNB).

In LTE/LTE-A system, subcarrier spacing for a random access preamble(i.e., RACH preamble) is regulated by 1.25 kHz and 7.5 kHz for preambleformats 0 to 3 and a preamble format 4, respectively (refer to 3GPP TS36.211).

FIG. 5 illustrates exemplary control channels included in a controlregion of a subframe in a DL radio frame.

Referring to FIG. 5, a subframe includes 14 OFDM symbols. The first oneto three OFDM symbols of a subframe are used for a control region andthe other 13 to 11 OFDM symbols are used for a data region according toa subframe configuration. In FIG. 5, reference characters R1 to R4denote RSs or pilot signals for antenna 0 to antenna 3. RSs areallocated in a predetermined pattern in a subframe irrespective of thecontrol region and the data region. A control channel is allocated tonon-RS resources in the control region and a traffic channel is alsoallocated to non-RS resources in the data region. Control channelsallocated to the control region include a Physical Control FormatIndicator Channel (PCFICH), a Physical Hybrid-ARQ Indicator Channel(PHICH), a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), etc.

The PCFICH is a physical control format indicator channel carryinginformation about the number of OFDM symbols used for PDCCHs in eachsubframe. The PCFICH is located in the first OFDM symbol of a subframeand configured with priority over the PHICH and the PDCCH. The PCFICHincludes 4 Resource Element Groups (REGs), each REG being distributed tothe control region based on a cell Identity (ID). One REG includes 4Resource Elements (REs). An RE is a minimum physical resource defined byone subcarrier by one OFDM symbol. The PCFICH is set to 1 to 3 or 2 to 4according to a bandwidth. The PCFICH is modulated in Quadrature PhaseShift Keying (QPSK).

The PHICH is a physical Hybrid-Automatic Repeat and request (HARQ)indicator channel carrying an HARQ ACK/NACK for a UL transmission. Thatis, the PHICH is a channel that delivers DL ACK/NACK information for ULHARQ. The PHICH includes one REG and is scrambled cell-specifically. AnACK/NACK is indicated in one bit and modulated in Binary Phase ShiftKeying (BPSK). The modulated ACK/NACK is spread with a Spreading Factor(SF) of 2 or 4. A plurality of PHICHs mapped to the same resources forma PHICH group. The number of PHICHs multiplexed into a PHICH group isdetermined according to the number of spreading codes. A PHICH (group)is repeated three times to obtain a diversity gain in the frequencydomain and/or the time domain.

The PDCCH is a physical DL control channel allocated to the first n OFDMsymbols of a subframe. Herein, n is 1 or a larger integer indicated bythe PCFICH. The PDCCH occupies one or more CCEs. The PDCCH carriesresource allocation information about transport channels, PCH andDL-SCH, a UL scheduling grant, and HARQ information to each UE or UEgroup. The PCH and the DL-SCH are transmitted on a PDSCH. Therefore, aneNB and a UE transmit and receive data usually on the PDSCH, except forspecific control information or specific service data.

Information indicating one or more UEs to receive PDSCH data andinformation indicating how the UEs are supposed to receive and decodethe PDSCH data are delivered on a PDCCH. For example, on the assumptionthat the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) of a specific PDCCH is masked byRadio Network Temporary Identity (RNTI) “A” and information about datatransmitted in radio resources (e.g. at a frequency position) “B” basedon transport format information (e.g. a transport block size, amodulation scheme, coding information, etc.) “C” is transmitted in aspecific subframe, a UE within a cell monitors, that is, blind-decodes aPDCCH using its RNTI information in a search space. If one or more UEshave RNTI “A”, these UEs receive the PDCCH and receive a PDSCH indicatedby “B” and “C” based on information of the received PDCCH.

FIG. 6 illustrates a structure of a UL subframe in the LTE system.

Referring to FIG. 6, a UL subframe may be divided into a control regionand a data region. A Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) includingUplink Control Information (UCI) is allocated to the control region anda Physical uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) including user data isallocated to the data region. The middle of the subframe is allocated tothe PUSCH, while both sides of the data region in the frequency domainare allocated to the PUCCH. Control information transmitted on the PUCCHmay include an HARQ ACK/NACK, a CQI representing a downlink channelstate, an RI for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), a SchedulingRequest (SR) requesting UL resource allocation. A PUCCH for one UEoccupies one RB in each slot of a subframe. That is, the two RBsallocated to the PUCCH are frequency-hopped over the slot boundary ofthe subframe. Particularly, PUCCHs with m=0, m=1, and m=2 are allocatedto a subframe in FIG. 6.

Hereinafter, channel state information (CSI) reporting will be describedbelow. In the current LTE standard, there are two MIMO transmissionschemes, open-loop MIMO operating without channel information andclosed-loop MIMO operating with channel information. Particularly in theclosed-loop MIMO, each of an eNB and a UE may perform beamforming basedon CSI to obtain the multiplexing gain of MIMO antennas. To acquire CSIfrom the UE, the eNB may command the UE to feedback CSI on a downlinksignal by allocating a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control CHannel) or aPUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared CHannel) to the UE.

The CSI is largely classified into three information types, RI (RankIndicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix), and CQI (Channel QualityIndication). First of all, the RI indicates rank information of achannel as described above, and means the number of streams that may bereceived by a UE through the same time-frequency resources. Also, sincethe RI is determined by long-term fading of a channel, the RI may be fedback to an eNB in a longer period than a PMI value and a CQI value.

Second, the PMI is a value obtained by reflecting spatialcharacteristics of a channel, and indicates a precoding matrix index ofan eNB, which is preferred by the UE based on a metric such as signal tointerference and noise ratio (SINR). Finally, the CQI is a valueindicating channel strength, and generally means a reception SINR thatmay be obtained by the eNB when the PMI is used.

In the 3GPP LTE-A system, the eNB may configure a plurality of CSIprocesses for the UE, and may be reported CSI for each of the CSIprocesses. In this case, the CSI process includes CSI-RS resource forspecifying signal quality and CSI-IM (interference measurement)resource, that is, IMR (interference measurement resource) forinterference measurement.

Since a wavelength becomes short in the field of Millimeter Wave (mmW),a plurality of antenna elements may be installed in the same area. Inmore detail, a wavelength is 1 cm in a band of 30 GHz, and a total of64(8×8) antenna elements of a 2D array may be installed in a panel of 4by 4 cm at an interval of 0.5 lambda (wavelength). Therefore, a recenttrend in the field of mmW attempts to increase coverage or throughput byenhancing BF (beamforming) gain using a plurality of antenna elements.

In this case, if a transceiver unit (TXRU) is provided to control atransmission power and phase per antenna element, independentbeamforming may be performed for each frequency resource. However, aproblem occurs in that effectiveness is deteriorated in view of costwhen TXRU is provided for all of 100 antenna elements. Therefore, ascheme is considered, in which a plurality of antenna elements aremapped into one TXRU and a beam direction is controlled by an analogphase shifter. Since this analog beamforming scheme may make only onebeam direction in a full band, a problem occurs in that frequencyselective beamforming is not available.

As an intermediate type of digital BF and analog BF, a hybrid BF havingB TXRUs smaller than Q antenna elements may be considered. In this case,although there is a difference depending on a connection scheme of BTXRUs and Q antenna elements, the number of beam directions that enablesimultaneous transmission is limited to B or less.

FIG. 7 illustrates examples of a connection scheme between TXRUs andantenna elements.

FIG. 7 (a) illustrates that TXRU is connected to a sub-array. In thiscase, the antenna elements are connected to only one TXRU. Unlike FIG. 7(a), FIG. 7 (b) illustrates that TXRU is connected to all antennaelements. In this case, the antenna elements are connected to all TXRUs.In FIG. 7, W indicates a phase vector multiplied by an analog phaseshifter. That is, a direction of analog beamforming is determined by W.In this case, mapping between CSI-RS antenna ports and TXRUs may be1-to-1 or 1-to-many.

As more communication devices require greater communication capacity,the need of mobile broadband communication more advanced than theconventional RAT (radio access technology) has been issued. Also,massive MTC (Machine Type Communications) technology that providesvarious services anywhere and at any time by connecting a plurality ofdevices and things is one of main issues which will be considered innext generation communication. Furthermore, a communication systemdesign considering service/UE susceptible to reliability and latency hasbeen discussed. Considering this status, the introduction of the nextgeneration RAT has been discussed, and the next generation RAT will bereferred to as NewRAT in the present invention.

A self-contained subframe structure shown in FIG. 8 is considered in thefifth generation NewRAT to minimize data transmission latency in a TDDsystem. FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a self-contained subframestructure.

In FIG. 8, oblique line areas indicate downlink control regions andblack colored areas indicate uplink control regions. Areas having nomark may be used for downlink data transmission or uplink datatransmission. In this structure, downlink transmission and uplinktransmission are performed in due order within one subframe, wherebydownlink data may be transmitted and uplink ACK/NACK may be receivedwithin the subframe. As a result, the time required for datare-transmission may be reduced when an error occurs in datatransmission, whereby latency of final data transfer may be minimized.

In this self-contained subframe structure, a time gap for switching froma transmission mode to a reception mode or vice versa is required forthe base station and the UE. To this end, some OFDM symbols (OS) at thetime when a downlink is switched to an uplink in the self-containedsubframe structure are set to a guard period.

Examples of the self-contained subframe type that may be configured inthe system operating based on the NewRAT may consider four subframetypes as follows.

-   -   downlink control period+downlink data period+GP+uplink control        period    -   downlink control period+downlink data period    -   downlink control period+GP+uplink data period+uplink control        period    -   downlink control period+GP+uplink data period

In the following, a method of generating a synchronization signal and amethod of indicating a synchronization signal index are describedaccording to embodiments of the present invention.

1. Parameter Set and Basic Subcarrier Spacing

A parameter set for an SS block can be defined according to thefollowing.

-   -   Subcarrier spacing (bandwidth)

15 kHz (up to 5 MHz), 30 kHz (up to 10 MHz), 120 kHz (up to 40 MHz), 240kHz (up to 80 MHz).

Since 24 RBs are allocated to transmit PBCH, it is necessary to have atransmission bandwidth of 4.32 MHz for a subcarrier of 15 kHz and atransmission bandwidth of 34.56 MHz for a subcarrier of 120 kHz. And, ina frequency range up to 6 GHz, a minimum available carrier bandwidth forNR is determined by 5 MHz. In a frequency range ranging from 6 GHz to52.6 GHz, a minimum available carrier bandwidth for NR is determined by50 MHz.

In particular, as mentioned in the foregoing description, in a frequencyrange narrower than 6 GHz, subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz is determined asdefault numerology. In a frequency range wider than 6 GHz, subcarrierspacing of 120 kHz can be determined as default numerology. Morespecifically, in a frequency range ranging from 6 GHz to 52.6 GHz,subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz can be determined as default numerology.However, it is necessary to delicately approach detection performance ofPSS/SSS-based 15 kHz subcarrier in 6 GHz.

And, it may consider the possibility of introducing wider subcarrierspacing (e.g., 30 kHz or 240 kHz subcarrier spacing) for transmitting anNR-SS.

2. Transmission Bandwidth and NR-SS Sequence RE Mapping

Referring to FIG. 9, similar to a mapping method of a PSS/SSS sequencemapped to an RE in LTE, an NR-SS sequence can be mapped to REspositioned at the center of a transmission bandwidth. A partial REpositioned at an edge of the transmission bandwidth can be reserved as aguard subcarrier. For example, when 12 RBs are used for transmitting anNR-SS, 127 REs are used for an NR-SS sequence and 17 REs are reserved.In this case, a 64^(th) element of the NR-SS sequence can be mapped to asubcarrier positioned at the center of the bandwidth on which the NR-SSis transmitted.

Meanwhile, when an NR-SS sequence is mapped to an RE, in case of 15 kHzsubcarrier, it may assume that a transmission bandwidth of 2.16 MHz isused for transmitting an NR-SS. If subcarrier spacing increases by aninteger multiple, an NR-SS bandwidth identically increases by an integermultiple as well.

In particular, a bandwidth for transmitting an NR-SS can be defined asfollows according to subcarrier spacing.

-   -   If subcarrier spacing corresponds to 15 kHz, the bandwidth for        transmitting the NR-SS may correspond to 2.16 MHz.    -   If subcarrier spacing corresponds to 30 kHz, the bandwidth for        transmitting the NR-SS may correspond to 4.32 MHz.    -   If subcarrier spacing corresponds to 120 kHz, the bandwidth for        transmitting the NR-SS may correspond to 17.28 MHz.    -   If subcarrier spacing corresponds to 240 kHz, the bandwidth for        transmitting the NR-SS may correspond to 34.56 MHz.

3. NR-PSS Sequence Design

In NR system, in order to classify 1000 cell IDs, the number of NR-PSSsequences is defined by 3 and the number of hypothesis of NR-SSScorresponding to each NR-PSS is defined by 334.

When NR-PSS is designed, it is necessary consider timing ambiguity,PAPR, detection complexity, and the like. In order to solve the timingambiguity, it may be able to generate an NR-PSS sequence using anM-sequence of frequency domain. However, if the NR-PSS sequence isgenerated using the M-sequence, it may have relatively high PAPRcharacteristic. Hence, when the NR-PSS is designed, it is necessary tostudy on a frequency domain M-sequence with a low PAPR characteristic.

Meanwhile, it may consider a modified ZC sequence as an NR-PSS sequence.In particular, if 4 ZC sequences are generated in a manner of beingconsecutively arranged in time domain, it may be able to solve a timingambiguity problem, have a low PAPR characteristic, and reduce detectioncomplexity. In particular, in NR system, when a UE intends to detect anNR-PSS having a transmission bandwidth wider than that of multi-sequenceand LTE, detection complexity increases. Hence, it is very important toreduce the detection complexity in designing the NR-PSS.

Based on the aforementioned discussion, it may consider two types ofNR-PSS sequence.

(1) Frequency M-Sequence with Low PAPR Characteristic

-   -   Polynomial expression: g(x)=x⁷+x⁶+x⁴+x+1 (initial poly shift        register value: 1000000)    -   Cyclic shift: 0, 31, 78

(2) 4 ZC Sequences Consecutively Arranged in Time Domain

-   -   ZC sequence of a length of 31 (root index: {1,30}, {7,24},        {4,27})    -   Equation for generating a sequence

$\begin{matrix}{{{d(i)} = {{DFT}\left( \left\lbrack {s\; 1_{u_{1}}\mspace{14mu} s\; 2_{u_{2}}\mspace{14mu} s\; 3_{u_{1}\mspace{14mu}}s\; 4_{u_{2}}\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack \right)}},{i = {{0\text{∼}127{where}s\; 1_{u_{1}}(n)} = \left\{ {{{\begin{matrix}{e^{{- j}\frac{\pi\; u_{1}{n{({n + 1})}}}{31}},} & {{n = 0},1,\ldots\mspace{14mu},30} \\{0,} & {n = 31}\end{matrix}s\; 2_{u_{2}}(n)} = {s\; 1_{u_{2}}(n)}},{n = 0},1,\ldots\mspace{14mu},{{31s\; 3_{u_{1}}(n)} = {s\; 1_{u_{1}}(n)}},{n = 0},1,\ldots\mspace{14mu},{{31s\; 4_{u_{2}}(n)} = {s\; 1_{u_{2}}(n)}},{n = 0},1,\ldots\mspace{14mu},31} \right.}}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

FIG. 10 is a diagram for briefly explaining a method of generating anNR-PSS using 4 consecutive ZC sequences in time domain. Referring toFIG. 10, when the N number of sub-symbols correspond to S1, S2, . . . ,Sn, if sequences of the sub-symbols are concatenated before IFFT isperformed, DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) spreading is performed witha length of the total sequences, a plurality of sequences respectivelycorresponding to the N number of sub-symbols are mapped according to asubcarrier, and IFFT is performed, it may be able to obtain a timedomain sequence of a length of NIFFT without a problem of out of bandemission.

4. NR-SSS Sequence Design

An NR-SSS sequence is generated by a single long sequence and isgenerated by a combination of 2 M-sequences having a differentpolynomial expression to generate 334 hypotheses. For example, if acyclic shift value for a first M-sequence corresponds to 112 and acyclic shift value for a second M-sequence corresponds 3, it may obtain336 hypotheses in total. In this case, it may be able to obtain ascrambling sequence for an NR-PSS by applying a third M-sequence.

If an NR-SS burst set of a relatively short period (e.g., 5 ms/10 ms) isconfigured, the NR-SS burst set can be transmitted several times in tworadio frames each of which has a length of 10 ms.

In particular, if a different NR-SSS sequence is introduced for theNR-SS burst set which is transmitted several times, in other word, if adifferent NR-SSS sequence is used whenever the NR-SS burst set istransmitted, a UE is able to identify each of a plurality of NR-SS burstsets transmitted within a basic period.

For example, if NR-SS bust sets are transmitted 4 times in a basicperiod, it may consider that an original set of an NR-SSS sequence isapplied to a first NR-SSS burst set and an NR-SSS sequence differentfrom the original set is applied to a second, a third, and a fourthNR-SS burst set. If two NR-SSS sequence sets different from each otherare used, an NR-SSS sequence set is used for the first and the thirdNR-SSS burst set and another NR-SSS sequence set can be used for thesecond and the fourth NR-SSS burst set.

In NR system, two M-sequences each of which has a length of 127 aredefined for an NR-SSS sequence and a final sequence is generated bymultiplying elements included in each of the M-sequences.

In particular, the NR-SSS sequence may correspond to a scramblingsequence given by an NR-SSS, the NR-SSS sequence may have a length of127, and the NR-SSS sequence can be determined by an equation 2described in the following.d(n)=s _(1,m)(n)s _(2,k)(n)c _(z)(n) for n=0, . . . ,126 andz=0,1  [Equation 2]

In this case, z=0 can be used for an NR-SSS transmitted in a first SSburst set of two radio frames each of which has a length of 10 ms. And,z=1 can be used for an NR-SSS transmitted in a second, a third, and afourth SS burst set.

In this case, s_(1,m)(n) and s_(2,k)(n) can be determined by an equation3 described in the following.s _(1,m)(n)=S ₁((n+m)mod 127),s _(2,k)(n)=S ₂((n+k)mod 127)  [Equation 3]

In this case, it may define m=N_(ID1) mod 112, K=floor(N_(ID1)/112),k=CS₂(K), 0≤N_(ID1)≤333, CS₂∈{48, 67,122}.

Lastly, in order to calculate S1 and S2, S_(r)(i)=1-2x(i), 0≤i≤126,r=1,2 can be defined. In this case, a polynomial expression for x(i) canbe defined by an equation 4 described in the following.x(j+7)=(x(j+3)+x(j))mod 2,r=1x(j+7)=(x(j+3)+x(j+2)+x(j+1)+x(j))mod 2,r=2  [Equation 4]

In this case, an initial condition for the x(i) may correspond to

x(0)=x(1)=x(2)=x(3)=x(4)=x(5)=0, x(6)=1 and may have a value satisfying0≤j≤119.

In this case, as a preamble and a mid-amble of an SSS, it may be able touse two scrambling sequences including C₀(n) and C₁(n). The twoscrambling sequences depend on a PSS. As shown in an equation 5 in thefollowing, the scrambling sequences can be defined by applying adifferent cyclic shift to C(n) corresponding to an M-sequence.c _(z)(n)=C((n+p)mod 127)  [Equation 5]

where, p=CS₁(N_(ID2)+3·z), CS₁∈{23, 69, 103, 64, 124, 24},N_(ID2)∈{0,1,2}

In this case, C(i)=1-2x(i) and 0≤I≤126 can be defined. In this case, apolynomial expression for the x(i) can be defined by an equation 6described in the following.x(j+7)=(x(j+5)+x(j+4)+x(j+3)+x(j+2)+x(j+1)+x(j))mod 2  [Equation 6]

In this case, an initial condition for the x(i) may correspond tox(0)=x(1)=x(2)=x(3)=x(4)=x(5)=0, x(6)=1 and may have a value satisfying0≤j≤119.

In the following, performance measurement results according to theaforementioned embodiments are described. In order to measureperformance of an NR-PSS, 3 methods of designing the NR-SSS areconsidered: 1) frequency domain M-sequence (legacy PSS sequence), 2)M-sequence with low PAPR, and 3) sequence generated by concatenating 4ZC sequences in time domain.

And, in order to measure an NR-SSS, an NR-SSS sequence proposed by thepresent invention is used.

5. Measurement Result According to the Aforementioned NR-PSS SequenceDesign

PAPR and CM

Measurement results of PAPR and CM measured for the 3 types of NR-PSSsequence are shown in Table 1 in the following.

TABLE 1 PAPR [dB] CM [dB] Frequency domain M-sequence 4.87, 5.10, 5.741.25, 1.76, 2.19 (WA) M-sequence with low PAPR 4.16, 3.99, 4.15 1.10,1.42, 1.50 Four ZC sequences concatenation 2.80, 3.49, 3.91 0.094, 0.71,0.79 in time

According to the results, PAPR/CM of an NR-SSS based on a sequence ofwhich 4 ZC sequences are concatenated in time domain is lower thanPAPR/CM of an NR-PSS based on an M-sequence. Meanwhile, when anM-sequence with low PAPR is compared with a frequency domain M-sequence,PAPR/CM of the M-sequence with low PAPR is lower than PAPR/CM of thefrequency domain M-sequence. Meanwhile, since the PAPR/CM corresponds toan important element for determining a price of a power amplifier, it isnecessary to consider designing an NR-PSS of which the PAPR/CM is low.

Consequently, in the aspect of the PAPR/CM, an NR-PSS based on a ZCsequence shows a better performance measurement result compared to anNR-PSS based on an M-sequence. An NR-PSS based on an M-sequence with lowPAPR shows a better performance measurement result compared to an NR-PSSof a frequency domain M-sequence.

Misdetection Rate

FIG. 11 illustrates evaluation for a misdetection rate of each of theaforementioned NR-PSSs. Referring to FIG. 11, it is able to know thatperformance of each of NR-PSS designs has a similar level. On the otherhand, referring to FIG. 12, it is able to see that a sequence generatedby concatenating 4 ZC sequences has a lowest detection complexity.

Specifically, referring to FIG. 12, it is able to see that a sequencegenerated by concatenating 4 ZC sequences and a frequency domainsequence have similar detection performance. In this case, the sequencegenerated by concatenating 4 ZC sequences has a merit in that detectioncomplexity is lower. If it is assumed that the NR-PSS sequence hassimilar detection complexity, the sequence generated by concatenating 4ZC sequences provides superior performance compared to the M-sequence.

Consequently, NR-PSS design detection performance based on a ZC sequenceprovides better performance compared to detection performance of thefrequency domain M-sequence under the assumption of the same detectioncomplexity.

6. Measurement Result According to the Aforementioned NR-SSS SequenceDesign

In the following, detection performances are compared with each otheraccording to the number of NR-SSS sequences. In order to measureperformance, a legacy SSS sequence is compared with an NR-SSS proposedin the present invention.

Information on NR-SSS sequence design is briefly explained in thefollowing.

1) NR-SSS of a single set (334 hypotheses per NR-PSS sequence)

2) NR-SSS of two sets (668 hypotheses per NR-PSS sequence)

Referring to FIG. 13, although the hypotheses of NR-SSS are doubled, nospecial performance degrade is examined. Hence, in order to detect aboundary of an SS bust set within a basic period, it may considerintroducing an additional set of an NR-SSS.

Meanwhile, parameters used for a measurement experiment according toFIGS. 11 to 13 are shown in Table 2 in the following.

TABLE 2 Parameter Value Carrier Frequency 4 GHz Channel Model CDL_C(delay scaling values: 100 ns) Subcarrier Spacing 15 kHz AntennaConfiguration TRP: (1, 1, 2) with Omni- directional antenna element UE:(1, 1, 2) with Omni- directional antenna element Timing offset Uniformlydistributed in [−1 ms, 1 ms] Frequency Offset 5 ppm PSS/SSS detectionOne shot detection PSS/SSS period 20 ms Subframe duration 1 ms OFDMsymbols in SF 14 Number of interfering TRPs  2 Operating SNR −6 dB

7. SS Block Configuration

When the maximum payload size of PBCH corresponds to 80 bits, it may beable to use 4 OFDM symbols in total to transmit an SS block. Meanwhile,it is necessary to consider a time position of NR-PSS/NR-SSS/NR-PBCH inan SS block including the NR-PSS, the NR-SSS, and the NR-PBCH. Wheninitial access is performed, the NR-PBCH can be used as a referencesignal for precise time/frequency tracking. In order to increaseestimation accuracy, two OFDM symbols for the NR-PBCH can be positionedat a distance as far as possible. In particular, as shown in FIG. 14(a), the present invention proposes to use a first and a fourth OFDMsymbol of an SS block to transmit the NR-PBCH. Hence, a second OFDMsymbol is allocated to the NR-SSS and a third OFDM symbol can be usedfor the NR-SSS.

Meanwhile, when the NR-SSS is transmitted to measure or discover a cell,it is not necessary to transmit both the NR-PBCH and an SS block timeindex indication. In this case, as shown in FIG. 14 (b), an SS blockincludes two OFDM symbols. A first OFDM symbol is allocated to theNR-SSS and a second OFDM symbol is allocated to the NR-SSS.

Referring to FIG. 15 (a), NR-PBCH is allocated within 288 REs and theREs are configured by 24 RBs. Meanwhile, since a length of NR-PSS/NR-SSScorresponds to 127, 12 RBs are necessary for transmitting NR-PSS/NR-SSS.In particular, when an SS block is configured, the SS block is allocatedwithin 24 RBs. And, it is preferable to allocate the SS block within 24RBs to align an RB grid between numerologies different from each other(e.g., 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, etc.). And, since a minimum bandwidth of5 MHz capable of defining 25 RBs with 15 MHz subcarrier spacing isassumed in the NR system, 24 RBs are used to transmit an SS block. TheNR-PSS/SSS is positioned at the center of the SS block. This mayindicate that the NR-PSS/SSS is allocated to 7^(th) to 18^(th) RBs.

Meanwhile, if an SS block is configured as shown in FIG. 15 (a), aproblem may occur at an AGC (automatic gain control) operation of a UEin 120 kHz subcarrier spacing and 240 kHz subcarrier spacing. Inparticular, in case of the 120 kHz subcarrier spacing and the 240 kHzsubcarrier spacing, it may fail to properly perform detection of NR-SSSdue to the AGC operation. Hence, as described in the following twoembodiments, it may consider changing a configuration of an SS block.

(Method 1) PBCH-PSS-PBCH-SSS

(Method 2) PBCH-PSS-PBCH-SSS-PBCH

In particular, if a PBCH symbol is positioned at a starting point of anSS block and the PBCH symbol is used as a dummy symbol for an AGCoperation, it may be able to make the AGC operation of a UE to be moresmoothly performed.

Meanwhile, NR-PSS/NR-SSS/NR-PBCH can be allocated as shown in FIG. 15(b). In particular, the NR-PSS is allocated to a 0^(th) symbol and theNR-SSS can be allocated to a 2^(nd) symbol. And, the NR-PBCH can beallocated to a 1^(st) to a 3^(rd) symbol. In this case, the NR-PBCH canbe dedicatedly allocated to the 1^(st) and the 3^(rd) symbol. In otherword, the NR-PBCH is allocated to the 1^(st) symbol and the 3^(rd)symbol only and the NR-SSS and the NR-PBCH can be mapped to the 2^(nd)symbol together.

8. SS Burst Configuration

A method of determining an OFDM symbol in which an SS block istransmittable is described in the present invention. A CP type issemi-statically configured together with UE-specific signaling. AnNR-PSS/SSS can support a normal CP. By doing so, it may be able to solvea CP detection problem at the time of performing initial access.

However, in NR system, an extended CP can be included in every edge of0.5 ms. In particular, when an SS block is positioned within a slot orbetween slots, a center of the SS block can be positioned at an edge of0.5 ms. In this case, a CP of a different length can be applied toNR-PSS and/or NR-SSS in the SS block. In this case, if a UE performsNR-SS detection under the assumption that a normal CP is applied to theNR-SSS and/or the NR-SSS, detection performance can be deteriorated.Hence, it is necessary to design an SS block not to exceed 0.5 ms edgein the NR system.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of configuring an SS burst in a TDD case.In NR system, a DL control channel is positioned at a first OFDM symbolin a slot and/or a mini slot and a UL control channel can be positionedat a lastly transmitted UL symbol. In order to avoid a collision betweenan SS block positioned in a slot and the DL/UL control channel, the SSblock can be positioned at the center of the slot.

The maximum number of SS blocks included in an SS burst set isdetermined according to a frequency range. And, a candidate value of thenumber of SS blocks is determined according to a frequency range.Meanwhile, the present invention proposes a total time spacing necessaryfor transmitting an SS block in an SS burst set based on the example ofconfiguring the SS burst show in FIG. 16.

TABLE 3 The maximum number of SS block Subcarrier Spacing 1 2 4 8 32 64 15 kHz 1 ms   1 ms 2 ms 4 ms — —  30 kHz — 0.5 ms 1 ms 2 ms — — 120 kHz— — — — 2 ms 4 ms 240 kHz — — — — 1 ms 2 ms

As shown in Table 3, if subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz and 240 kHz areintroduced to transmit NR-SS, it may be able to anticipate that an SSblock is to be transmitted within maximum 2 ms. However, since basicsubcarrier spacing for NR-SS transmission corresponds to 15 KHz and 120kHz, it is necessary to determine whether to introduce a wider minimumsystem bandwidth (e.g., 10 MHz for 20 kHz subcarrier spacing and 80 MHzfor 240 kHz subcarrier spacing) to introduce 30 kHz and 240 kHzsubcarrier spacing. If it is determined that the NR supports 5 MHz in aband equal to or narrower than 6 GHz and supports a minimum systembandwidth of 50 MHz in a band of 6 GHz, it is necessary to design an SSburst set according to 15 kHz and 120 kHz subcarrier spacing. If themaximum number of SS blocks corresponds to 8 in a band equal to ornarrower than 6 GHz and 64 in a band wider than 6 GHz, since timenecessary for transmitting an SS block corresponds to 4 ms, systemoverhead is considerably high. And, since it is preferable to have shorttime spacing in transmitting an SS block in terms of network energysaving and UE measurement, it is necessary to define a candidateposition for transmitting an SS block within duration of N ms (e.g.,N=0.5, 1, 2).

9. SS Burst Set Configuration

When an SS burst set is configured, as shown in FIG. 17, it may considertwo types according to an SS burst periodicity. One is a local typeshown in FIG. 17 (a). According to the local type, all SS blocks arecontinuously transmitted within an SS burst set. On the other hand,another one is a distribution type shown in FIG. 17 (b). According tothe distribution type, an SS burst is periodically transmitted within anSS burst set periodicity.

In the aspect of energy saving for an idle UE and efficiency formeasuring inter-frequency, an SS burst of the local type provides anadvantage compared to an SS burst of the distribution type. Hence, it ismore preferable to support the SS burst of the local type.

Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 17 (a), if an SS burst set is configured bythe local type, it is unable to transmit an uplink signal during asymbol period to which the SS burst set is mapped. In particular, assubcarrier spacing to which an SS block is assigned is getting bigger, asize of a symbol is getting smaller. In particular, the number of symbolperiods in which an uplink signal is not transmitted increases. Ifsubcarrier spacing to which an SS block is assigned is equal to orgreater than a certain size, it is necessary to empty a symbol outbetween SS bursts with a prescribed space to perform uplinktransmission.

FIG. 18 illustrates an SS burst set configuration when subcarrierspacing to which an SS block is assigned corresponds to 120 kHz and 240kHz. Referring to FIG. 18, when subcarrier spacing corresponds to 120kHz and 240 kHz, an SS burst is configured in a unit of 4 SS burstswhile a prescribed space is emptied out. In particular, an SS block isarranged in a unit of 0.5 ms while a symbol period (0.125 ms) forperforming uplink transmission is emptied out.

In a frequency range equal to wider than 6 GHz, subcarrier spacing of 60kHz can be used for transmitting data. In particular, as shown in FIG.19, in NR system, subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) for transmittingdata and subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz or 240 kHz) for transmittingan SS block can be multiplexed.

Meanwhile, referring to a part represented by a box in FIG. 19, when anSS block of 120 kHz subcarrier spacing and data of 60 kHz subcarrierspacing are multiplexed, it is able to see that a collision or overlapoccurs at the SS block of 120 kHz subcarrier spacing, a GP of 60 kHzsubcarrier spacing, and a DL control region. Since it is preferable toavoid a collision between an SS block and a DL/UL control region, it isrequired to modify a configuration of an SS burst and an SS burst set.

In order to modify a configuration of an SS burst, the preset inventionproposes two embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 20, a first embodiment is to change a position of an SSburst format 1 and a position of an SS burst format 2. In particular, ifthe SS burst format 1 and the SS burst format 2 positioned in the box ofFIG. 20 are exchanged, it may be able to make a collision not to beoccurred between an SS block and a DL/UL control region. In other word,the SS burst format 1 is positioned at the forepart of 60 kHz subcarrierspacing and the SS burst format 2 is positioned at the latter part of 60kHz subcarrier spacing.

In summary, the aforementioned first embodiment can be represented asfollows.

1) 120 KHz Subcarrier Spacing

-   -   the first OFDM symbols of the candidate SS/PBCH blocks have        indexes {4, 8, 16, 20, 32, 36, 44, 48}+70*n. For carrier        frequencies larger than 6 GHz, n=0, 2, 4, 6.    -   the first OFDM symbols of the candidate SS/PBCH blocks have        indexes {2, 6, 18, 22, 30, 34, 46, 50}+70*n. For carrier        frequencies larger than 6 GHz, n=1, 3, 5, 7.

2) 240 KHz Subcarrier Spacing

-   -   the first OFDM symbols of the candidate SS/PBCH blocks have        indexes {8, 12, 16, 20, 32, 36, 40, 44, 64, 68, 72, 76, 88, 92,        96, 100}+140*n. For carrier frequencies larger than 6 GHz, n=0,        2.    -   the first OFDM symbols of the candidate SS/PBCH blocks have        indexes {4, 8, 12, 16, 36, 40, 44, 48, 60, 64, 68, 72, 92, 96,        100, 104}+140*n. For carrier frequencies larger than 6 GHz, n=1,        3.

As shown in FIG. 21, a second embodiment is to change a configuration ofan SS burst set. In particular, an SS burst set can be configured in amanner that a start boundary of the SS burst set is aligned (i.e.,matched) with a start boundary of 60 kHz subcarrier spacing slot.

Specifically, an SS burst is configured by locally arranged SS blocksduring 1 ms. In particular, an SS burst of 120 kHz subcarrier spacinghas 16 SS blocks and an SS burst of 240 kHz subcarrier spacing has 32 SSblocks during 1 ms. In this case, one slot is allocated as a gap betweenSS bursts on the basis of 60 kHz subcarrier spacing.

In summary, the aforementioned second embodiment can be represented asfollows.

1) 120 KHz Subcarrier Spacing

-   -   the first OFDM symbols of the candidate SS/PBCH blocks have        indexes {4, 8, 16, 20}+28*n. For carrier frequencies larger than        6 GHz, n=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18.

2) 240 KHz Subcarrier Spacing

-   -   the first OFDM symbols of the candidate SS/PBCH blocks have        indexes {8, 12, 16, 20, 32, 36, 40, 44}+56*n. For carrier        frequencies larger than 6 GHz, n=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8.

10. Method of Indicating Actually Transmitted SS/PBCH Block within 5 msDuration

In NR system, it is able to specify a candidate position fortransmitting an SS block within an SS burst set period (e.g., 5 ms) toperform an initial access procedure. And, a position of an actuallytransmitted SS block can be notified to a connected/idle mode UE. Inthis case, a network may have flexibility in utilizing a resourceaccording to a network status. Yet, it may have different flexibility inconfiguring an SS burst set according to a configuration method ofindicating an actually used SS block. For example, if it is able to setindividual position information (e.g., a bitmap for an SS block or an SSburst) of actually transmitted SS blocks to a UE, both a localized typeand a distributed type may operate according to a network status. Theindividual position information can be included in different SIindicating measurement-related information.

And, it may be able to change a periodicity of an SS burst set accordingto a network configuration and provide information on measurementtiming/duration for a UE. When the SS burst set periodicity is changed,it is necessary to determine a candidate position in which an SS blockis to be transmitted. In order to determine a position in which an SSblock is to be transmitted, the present invention proposes twoembodiments described in the following.

(Method 1) A network may use an assumption of a candidate position for abasic periodicity.

(Method 2) A network can indicate a position in which an SS block is tobe actually transmitted within a measurement section.

In NR system, an SS burst set configuration can be designed according toa basic periodicity. When an SS burst set periodicity and measurementduration are indicated by a network, an SS burst set configuration canbe assumed by an SS burst configuration. For example, when there is noindication from a network, if a UE assumes 5 ms periodicity as an SSburst set periodicity for measurement, it may be able to configure an SSburst set for 5 ms periodicity. The SS burst set configuration can alsobe used for a basic periodicity (e.g., 20 ms) and a periodicityconfigured by a network (e.g., 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 ms).

In order to more efficiently utilize a resource for an SS burst setconfiguration, a network can indicate a position in which an SS block isto be actually transmitted within measurement duration. For example, incase of a basic periodicity, NR-SS and NR-PBCH should be transmittedwithin an SS burst set periodicity. Meanwhile, in case of a periodicitylonger than the basic periodicity, it may transmit NR-SS only for thepurpose of measurement. If a network is able to configure a position inwhich an SS block is to be actually transmitted, an unused resourceallocated to NR-PBCH can be allocated to a data/control channel. In caseof a periodicity shorter than the basic periodicity, a network selects apartial SS block from among SS blocks included in an SS burst set toconfigure an actually used SS block.

Meanwhile, the number of candidates for transmitting an SS block isrestricted according to network environment. For example, the number ofcandidates may vary depending on subcarrier spacing to which an SS blockis assigned. In this case, it may be able to inform a connected/idlemode UE of a position at which an SS block is actually transmitted.Actual transmitted SS/PBCH block indication indicating the position atwhich the SS block is actually transmitted can be used for utilizing aresource (e.g., rate matching) for a serving cell and can be used forperforming measurement related to a resource for a neighboring cell.

If a UE is able to precisely recognize a not transmitted SS block, theUE is able to recognize that the UE is able to receive other informationsuch as paging or data via a candidate resource of the SS block which isnot transmitted. For the flexibility of resource, it is necessary toprecisely indicate an SS block actually transmitted in a serving cell.

In particular, since it is unable to receive other information such aspaging or data in a resource in which an SS block is transmitted, a UEreceives a different data or a different signal via a resource in whichan SS block is not actually transmitted to increase efficiency ofresource utilization. Hence, it is necessary for the UE to recognize anSS block candidate in which an SS block is not actually transmitted.

In order to precisely indicate an SS block actually transmitted in aserving cell, it is necessary to have information on a full bitmap of 4,8, or 64 bits. In this case, a bit size included in the bitmap can bedetermined according to the maximum number of SS blocks capable of beingtransmitted in each frequency range. For example, in order to indicatean SS block actually transmitted in a period of 5 ms, a bitmap of 8 bitsis required in a frequency range ranging from 3 GHz to 6 GHz and abitmap of 64 bits is required in a frequency range equal to or widerthan 6 GHz.

Bits for indicating an SS block actually transmitted in a serving cellcan be defined by RMSI or OSI and the RMSI/OSI includes configurationinformation for data or paging. Since actual transmitted SS/PBCH blockindication is associated with a configuration for a downlink resource,the RMSI/OCI can include information on an actually transmitted SSblock.

Meanwhile, in order to measure a neighboring cell, actual transmittedSS/PBCH block indication of the neighboring cell is required. However,if there are many listed cells, an indicator of a full bitmap type mayexcessively increase signal overhead. In order to decrease the signalingoverhead, it may consider an indicator of a variously compressed form.Meanwhile, in order not only to measure a neighboring cell but also toreduce signaling overhead, it may consider an indicator of a compressedform for an indicator indicating an SS block transmitted by a servingcell. In other word, an SS block indicator described in the followingcan be used for indicating an SS block actually transmitted in aneighboring cell and a serving cell. As mentioned in the foregoingdescription, an SS burst may correspond to a set of SS blocks includedin a slot according to each subcarrier. However, the SS burst maycorrespond to a group of the prescribed number of SS blocks irrespectiveof a slot in the following embodiment only.

One of embodiments is explained with reference to FIG. 22. Assume thatan SS burst includes 8 SS blocks. In this case, 8 SS bursts in total mayexist in a band equal to or wider than 6 GHz at which 64 SS blocks arepositioned.

In this case, SS blocks are grouped by an SS burst to compress theentire bitmap of 64 bits. It may use 8-bit information indicating an SSburst including actually transmitted SS blocks instead of 64-bit bitmapinformation. If the 8-bit bitmap information indicates an SS burst #0,the SS burst #0 can include one or more actually transmitted SS blocks.

In this case, it may consider additional information to indicate thenumber of actually transmitted SS blocks per SS burst. Each SS burst canlocally include SS blocks as many as the number of SS blocks indicatedby the additional information.

A UE combines the number of actually transmitted SS blocks per SS burstindicated by the additional information with the bitmap indicating theSS burst including the actually transmitted SS blocks to estimate theactually transmitted SS blocks.

For example, it may assume the indication shown in Table 4 in thefollowing.

TABLE 4 The number of 8 bit bitmap actually transmitted (SS/PBCH burstSS/PBCH block per unit) SS/PBCH burst unit Full bitmap 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 4(11110000) (11110000) (00000000) (00000000) (00000000) (00000000)(00000000) (11110000)

According to Table 4, it is able to know that SS blocks are included inSS bursts #0, #1, and #7 via the 8-bit bitmap and it is able to knowthat 4 SS blocks are included in each SS burst via the additionalinformation. Consequently, it is able to estimate that SS blocks aretransmitted via 4 candidate positions prior to the SS bursts #0, #1, and#7.

Meanwhile, unlike the example above, if the additional information isforwarded in a bitmap form, it may be able to make a position at whichan SS block is transmitted have flexibility.

For example, information related to SS burst transmission is indicatedby a bitmap and an SS block transmitted within an SS burst can beindicated by other bits.

In particular, total 64 SS blocks are classified into 8 SS bursts (i.e.,SS block groups) and it may inform a UE of an SS burst in use bytransmitting 8-bit bitmap to the UE. When SS burst is defined as shownin FIG. 22, if the SS burst is multiplexed with a slot having subcarrierspacing of 60 kHz, it may have a merit in that a boundary between the SSburst and the slot is aligned. In particular, if on/off of the SS burstis indicated using a bitmap, a UE is able to know whether or not an SSblock is transmitted in a slot unit for all subcarrier spacing in afrequency band equal to or wider than 6 GHz.

In this case, a point different from the aforementioned example is toinform a UE of the additional information using a bitmap. In this case,since it is necessary to transmit bitmap information to 8 SS blocksincluded in each SS burst, 8 bits are required. The additionalinformation is commonly applied to all SS bursts. For example, if bitmapinformation on SS bursts indicates that an SS burst #0 and an SS burst#1 are used and additional bitmap information on SS blocks indicatesthat a first SS block and a fifth SS block are transmitted in an SSburst, since a first SS block and a fifth SS block are transmitted ineach of the SS burst #0 and the SS burst #1, the number of actuallytransmitted SS blocks becomes 4.

Meanwhile, a couple of neighboring cells may not be included in a celllist. The neighboring cells not included in the cell list use a defaultformat for an actually transmitted SS block. If the default format isused, a UE can perform measurement on the neighboring cells not includedin the cell list. In this case, the default format can be defined inadvance or can be configured by a network.

Meanwhile, if information on an SS block actually transmitted in aserving cell is collided with information on an SS block actuallytransmitted in a neighboring cell, a UE can obtain information on anactually transmitted SS block by prioritizing the information on the SSblock transmitted in the serving cell.

In particular, if information on actually transmitted SS blocks isreceived in a form of a full bitmap and a grouping form, since it ishighly probable that information in the full bitmap form is moreaccurate, the information in the full bitmap form can be preferentiallyused for receiving SS blocks.

11. Signal and Channel for Indicating Time Index

SS block time index indication is forwarded by NR-PBCH. If time indexindication is included in a part of the NR-PBCH such as NR-PBCH content,a scrambling sequence, a CRC, a redundancy version, and the like, theindication is forwarded to a UE safely. On the contrary, if the timeindex indication is included in a part of the NR-PBCH, it may haveadditional complexity in decoding NR-PBCH of a neighboring cell.Meanwhile, although it is able to perform decoding on the NR-PBCH of theneighboring cell, it is not mandatory in designing a system. And, it isnecessary to have additional discussion to determine a signal and achannel appropriate for forwarding SS block time index indication.

Since SS block time index information is going to be used as timeresource allocation reference information on an initial access-relatedchannel/signal such as system information forwarding, a PRACH preamble,and the like in a target cell, the SS block time index informationshould be safely transmitted to a UE. Meanwhile, a time index is usedfor measuring RSRP of an SS block level to measure a neighboring cell.In this case, the SS block time index information is not necessary to bevery accurate.

The present invention proposes that NR-PBCH DMRS is to be used as asignal for forwarding an SS block time index. And, the present inventionproposes that a time index indication is to be included in a part ofNR-PBCH. In this case, for example, the part of the NR-PBCH maycorrespond to a scrambling sequence, a redundancy version, and the likeof the NR-PBCH. According to the present invention, it may be able todetect an SS block time index from NR-PBCH DMRS and the detected indexcan be checked by NR-PBCH decoding. And, in order to measure aneighboring cell, it may be able to obtain an index from NR-PBCH DMRSfor the neighboring cell.

Time index indication can be configured via two embodiments described inthe following.

(Method 1) A single index method that an index is assigned to each ofall SS blocks included in an SS burst set.

(Method 2) A multi-index method that an index is assigned using acombination of an SS burst index and an SS block index.

As described in embodiment 1, if a single index method is supported, itis necessary to have many bits to express the number of all SS blockswithin an SS burst set periodicity. In this case, it is preferable for aDMRS sequence for NR-PBCH and a scrambling sequence to indicate SS blockindication.

On the contrary, as described in embodiment 2, if a multi-index methodis used, it may provide design flexibility for indicating an index. Forexample, both an SS burst index and an SS block index can be included ina single channel. And, each index can be individually transmitted via adifferent channel/signal. For example, the SS burst index can beincluded in contents of NR-PBCH or a scrambling sequence. The SS blockindex can be forwarded via a DMRS sequence of the NR-PBCH.

11. SS Block Time Index

The present invention proposes a method of configuring an SS burst setwithin shorter duration (e.g., 2 ms) to save energy of a network and aUE. In this case, all SS blocks can be positioned within an SS burst setperiodicity irrespective of a periodicity (e.g., 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160ms). FIG. 23 illustrates an SS block index when subcarrier spacingcorresponds to 15 kHz.

An SS block index is explained with reference to FIG. 23. If the maximumnumber of SS blocks is defined by L, indexes of SS blocks correspond to0 to L−1. And, the SS block indexes are derived from OFDM symbol indexesand slot indexes. And, an SS burst set can be configured by 4 SS blockspositioned at two slots adjacent to each other. Hence, the SS blockindexes correspond to 0 to 3 and the slot indexes are defined by 0and 1. And, an SS block includes 4 OFDM symbols and two OFDM symbolsincluded in the SS block are used to transmit PBCH. In this case,indexes of the OFDM symbols for transmitting the PBCH may correspond to0 and 2. As shown in FIG. 23 (a), indexes of an SS block are derivedfrom indexes of an OFDM symbol and a slot. For example, an SS blocktransmitted in a slot #1 and an OFDM symbol #2 is mapped to an index 3.

As shown in FIG. 23 (b), a network can configure a periodicity of an SSburst set in NR system. And, it may be able to configure a shortperiodicity such as 5 and 10 ms. By doing so, it may be able to allocatemore SS block transmissions. An index of an SS block can be identifiedwithin a configured periodicity of an SS burst set. As shown in FIG. 23(c), if a periodicity of 5 ms is configured, it may be able to transmit4 SS blocks within the configured periodicity. And, it may be able totransmit 16 SS blocks in total within a basic periodicity. In this case,indexes of the SS blocks can be repeated within a default periodicityand 4 SS blocks among the 16 SS blocks may have the same index.

12. NR-PBCH Contents

In NR system, it is anticipated that a payload size of MIB is to beextended based on a response LS of RAN2. The MIB payload size andNR-PBCH contents anticipated in the NR system are described in thefollowing.

1) Payload: 64 bits (48-bit information, 16-bit CRC)

2) NR-PBCH contents:

-   -   At least a part of SFN/H-SFN    -   Configuration information on common search space    -   Center frequency information of NR carrier

A UE detects a cell ID and timing information and may be then able toobtain information for accessing a network from PBCH including a part oftiming information such as SFN, an SS block index, and half frametiming, information on a common control channel such as a time/frequencyposition, information on a bandwidth part such as a bandwidth and an SSblock position, and information on an SS burst set such as an SS burstset periodicity and an actually transmitted SS block index.

Since limited time/frequency resources such as 576 REs are occupied onlyfor PBCH, essential information should be included in the PBCH. And, ifpossible, it may use such an auxiliary signal as a PBCH DMRS to furtherinclude essential information or additional information.

(1) SFN (System Frame Number)

In NR system, a system frame number (SFN) is defined to identify 10 msspace. And, similar to LTE system, it may introduce indexes between 0and 1023 for the SFN. The indexes can be explicitly indicated using abit or can be implicitly indicated.

According to the NR system, a PBCH TTI corresponds to 80 ms and aminimum SS burst periodicity corresponds to 5 ms. Hence, PBCH as much as16 times can be transmitted in a unit of 80 ms. A different scramblingsequence for each transmission can be applied to a PBCH coded bit.Similar to an LTE PBCH decoding operation, a UE can detect 10 ms space.In this case, 8 states of the SFN are implicitly indicated by a PBCHscrambling sequence and 7 bits for representing the SFN can be definedin the PBCH contents.

(2) Timing Information in Radio Frame

An SS block index can be explicitly indicated by a bit included in aPBCH DMRS sequence and/or PBCH contents according to a carrier frequencyrange. For example, in a frequency range equal to or narrower than 6GHz, 3 bits of SS block indexes are forwarded via a PBCH DMRS sequenceonly. In a frequency band equal to or wider than 6 GHz, lowest 3 bits ofSS block indexes are indicated by a PBCH DMRS sequence and top 3 bits ofSS block indexes are forwarded by PBCH contents. In particular, maximum3 bits for SS block indexes can be defined in the PBCH contents in afrequency range ranging from 6 GHz to 52.6 GHz only.

(3) Information for Identifying that there is No RMSI Corresponding toPBCH

In NR, an SS block can be used not only for providing information foraccessing a network but also for measuring an operation. In particular,in order to perform a broadband CC operation, it may be able to transmitmultiple SS blocks for measurement.

However, it is not necessary to forward RMSI via all frequency positionsat which an SS block is transmitted. In particular, it is able toforward the RMSI via a specific frequency position for efficiency ofresource utilization. In this case, UEs performing an initial accessprocedure are unable to recognize whether or not RMSI is provided at adetected frequency position. In order to solve the problem above, it isnecessary to define a bit field for identifying that there is no RMSIcorresponding to PBCH of a detected frequency region. Meanwhile, it isalso necessary to consider a method capable of identifying that there isno RMSI corresponding to PBCH without the bit field.

To this end, an SS block in which RMSI does not exist is configured tobe transmitted at a frequency position which is not defined as afrequency raster. In this case, since UEs performing an initial accessprocedure are unable to detect the SS block, it is able to solve theaforementioned problem.

(4) SS Burst Set Periodicity and Actually Transmitted SS Block

It is able to indicate information on an SS burst set periodicity and anactually transmitted SS block for the purpose of measurement. Inparticular, it is preferable to include the information in systeminformation for cell measurement and inter/intra cell measurement. Inparticular, it is necessary to define the information in PBCH contents.

(5) Payload Size

As shown in Table 5, maximum 64-bit payload size can be assumed inconsideration of decoding performance of PBCH.

TABLE 5 Bit size narrower wider Details that 6 GHz than 6 GHz SystemFrame Number (MSB) 7 7 SS/PBCH block time index (MSB) 0 3 Referencenumerology [1] [1] Bandwidth for DL common channel, and SS [3] [2] blockposition # of OFDM symbols in a Slot [1] 0 CORESET About [10] About [10](Frequency resource - bandwidth, location) (Time resource - startingOFDM symbol, Duration) (UE Monitoring Periodicity, offset, duration)Reserved Bit [20]  [20]  CRS 16 + a 16 + a Total 64  64 

13. NR-PBCH Scrambling

A type of NR-PBCH scrambling sequence and sequence initialization aredescribed. In NR, it may consider using a PN sequence. However, if agold sequence of a length of 31 defined in LTE system is used as anNR-PBCH sequence and a serious problem does not occur, it is preferableto reuse the gold sequence as the NR-PBCH scrambling sequence.

A scrambling sequence can be initialized by a cell ID and 3 bits of SSblock indexes indicated by PBCH-DMRS can be used for initializing ascrambling sequence. And, if half frame indication is indicated by aPBCH-DMRS or a different signal, the half frame indication can also beused as a seed value for initializing a scrambling sequence.

14. Transmission Method and Antenna Port

In NR system, NR-PBCH transmission is performed based on a singleantenna port. When the transmission is performed based on a singleantenna port, it may consider methods described in the following totransmit NR-PBCH.

(Method 1) TD-PVS (time domain precoding vector switching) method

(Method 2) CDD (cyclic delay diversity) method

(Method 3) FD-PVS (frequency domain precoding vector switching) method

According to the transmission methods, NR-PBCH can obtain a transmissiondiversity gain and/or a channel estimation performance gain. Meanwhile,it may consider the TD-PVS and the CDD to transmit NR-PBCH. On the otherhand, since the FD-PVS causes overall performance loss due to a channelestimation loss, it is not preferable.

And, antenna port assumption for NR-SS and NR-PBCH is explained. In aninitial access state, it may consider transmitting NR-SS and NR-PBCH viaa different antenna port to provide network flexibility in transmittingthe NR-SS and the NR-PBCH in NR system. However, a UE may assume thatantenna ports of the NR-SS and the NR-PBCH are identical to each otheror different from each other based on a network configuration.

15. NR-PBCH DMRS Design

In NR system, a DMRS is introduced for phase reference of NR-PBCH. And,NR-PSS/NR-SSS/NR-PBCH exists in all SS blocks and OFDM symbol at whichthe NR-PSS/NR-SSS/NR-PBCH is positioned is consecutive in a single SSblock. However, if a transmission scheme is different between NR-SSS andNR-PBCH, it is unable to assume that the NR-SSS is going to be used as areference signal for demodulating the NR-PBCH. Hence, it is necessary todesign the NR-PBCH under the assumption that the NR-SSS is not used as areference signal for demodulating the NR-PBCH in NR system.

In order to design a DMRS, it is necessary to consider DMRS overhead, atime/frequency position, and a scrambling sequence.

Overall PBCH decoding performance can be determined by channelestimation performance and an NR-PBCH coding rate. The number of REs fortransmitting a DMRS has a trade-off relation between the channelestimation performance and the NR-PBCH coding rate. Hence, it isnecessary to find out the number of REs appropriate for the DMRS. Forexample, if 4 REs per RB are allocated to a DMRS, it may have betterperformance. If two OFDM symbols are allocated to transmit NR-PBCH, 192REs are used for a DMRS and 384 REs are used for MIB transmission. Inthis case, if a payload size corresponds to 64 bits, it may obtain 1/12coding speed identical to coding speed of LTE PBCH.

When multiple OFDM symbols are allocated to transmit NR-PBCH, it isnecessary to determine an OFDM symbol in which a DMRS is to be included.In this case, in order to prevent performance deterioration due to aresidual frequency offset, it is preferable to arrange a DMRS to allOFDM symbols at which the NR-PBCH is positioned. In particular, all OFDMsymbol for transmitting the NR-PBCH can include a DMRS.

A PBCH DMRS is used as a time/frequency tracking RS for an OFDM symbolposition at which NR-PBCH is transmitted. As a distance between two OFDMsymbols including a DMRS is getting longer, it is more profitable forprecisely tracking a frequency. Hence, a first OFDM symbol and a fourthOFDM symbol can be allocated to transmit NR-PBCH.

And, a frequency position of a DMRS can be mapped by interleaving intime domain capable of being shifted according to a cell ID. When DMRSpatterns are uniformly distributed, the DMRS patterns can be used forDFT-based channel estimation that provides optimized performance to 1-Dchannel estimation. In order to increase channel estimation performance,it may use broadband RB bundling.

A DMRS sequence can use a pseudo random sequence defined by a type of agold sequence. A length of a DMRS sequence can be defined by the numberof REs for a DMRS according to an SS block. And, the DMRS sequence canbe generated by a cell ID and a slot number/OFDM symbol index within 20ms corresponding to a default periodicity of an SS burst set. And, anindex of an SS block can be determined based on an index of a slot andan index of an OFDM symbol.

Meanwhile, it is necessary to perform scrambling on NR-PBCH DMRS using1008 cell IDs and SS block indexes of 3 bits. This is because, whendetection performances are compared according to the number ofhypotheses of a DMRS sequence, it is known as detection performance of 3bits is most suitable for the number of hypotheses of the DMRS sequence.However, since it is examined as detection performance of 4 to 5 bitshas little performance loss, it is o.k. to use the number of hypothesesof 4 to 5 bits.

In other word, the DMRS sequence can be initialized by the cell ID, theSS block indexes included in the SS burst set, and the half frameindication. An equation for initializing the DMRS sequence is shown inthe following.c _(init)=(N _(ID) ^(SS/PBCHblock)+1+8·HF)·(2·N _(ID) ^(cell)+1)·2¹⁰ +N_(ID) ^(cell)  [Equation 7]

In this case, N_(ID) ^(SS/PBCHblock) corresponds to SS block indexes inan SS block group, N_(ID) ^(cell) corresponds to a cell ID, and HEcorresponds to a half frame indication index having a value of {0, 1}.

Similar to an LTE DMRS sequence, NR-PBCH DMRS sequence can be generatedusing a gold sequence of a length of 31 or a gold sequence of a lengthof 7 or 8.

Meanwhile, since detection performance using the gold sequence of alength of 31 is similar to detection performance using the gold sequenceof a length of 7 or 8, the present invention proposes to use the goldsequence of a length of 31 like LTE DMRS does. In a frequency rangeequal to or wider than 6 GHz, it may consider using a gold sequence of alength longer than 31.

It may consider BPSK and QPSK as a modulation type for generating a DMRSsequence. Detection performance of the BPSK is similar to detectionperformance of the QPSK. However, since correlation performance of theQPSK is superior to correlation performance of the BPSK, the QPSK ismore suitable for a modulation type for generating the DMRS sequence.

15. NR-PBCH DMRS Pattern Design

In relation to a frequency position of a DMRS, it may consider two typesof DMRS RE mapping method. According to a fixed RE mapping method, an RSmapping region is fixed in frequency domain. According to a variable REmapping method, an RS position is shifted according to a cell ID using aVshift method. Since the variable RE mapping method randomizesinterference, it may have a merit in that it is able to obtain anadditional performance gain. Hence, it is preferable to use the variableRE mapping method.

The variable RE mapping method is explained in more detail. A complexmodulation symbol a_(k,l) included in a half frame can be determined byequation 8 in the following.

$\begin{matrix}{{k = {{{4\; m^{\prime}} + {v_{shift}\mspace{14mu}{if}\mspace{14mu} l}} \in \left\{ {1,3} \right\}}}{l = \left\{ {{{\begin{matrix}1 & {l^{\prime} = 0} \\3 & {l^{\prime} = 1}\end{matrix}m^{\prime}} = 0},1,\ldots\mspace{14mu},{{71v_{shift}} = {N_{ID}^{cell}{mod}\; 3}}} \right.}} & \left\lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 8} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

In this case, k and l correspond to a subcarrier positioned in an SSblock and an OFDM symbol index, respectively. Meanwhile, the complexmodulation symbol can also be determined by v_(shift)=N_(ID) ^(cell) mod4.

And, it may consider RS power boosting for performance enhancement. Ifthe RS power boosting and Vshift are used together, it may be able toreduce interference from interference TRP (total radiated power). And,when a detection performance gain of the RS power boosting isconsidered, −1.25 dB is preferable for a ratio of PDSCH EPRE to RS EPRE.

20. NR-PBCH TTI Boundary Indication

NR-PBCH TTI corresponds to 80 ms and a default periodicity of an SSburst set corresponds to 20 ms. This indicates that NR-PBCH istransmitted 4 times within the NR-PBCH TTI. When the NR-PBCH is repeatedwithin the NR-PBCH TTI, it is necessary to indicate a boundary of theNR-PBCH TTI. For example, similar to LTE PBCH, the NR-PBCH TTI boundarycan be indicated by a scrambling sequence of the NR-PBCH.

Referring to FIG. 24, the scrambling sequence of the NR-PBCH can bedetermined by a cell ID and TTI boundary indication. A periodicity of anSS burst set may have a plurality of values. Hence, the number ofindexes for the TTI boundary indication can be changed according to theperiodicity of the SS burst set. For example, 4 indexes are necessaryfor a default periodicity (i.e., 20 ms) and 16 indexes are necessary fora shorter periodicity (i.e., 5 ms).

Meanwhile, NR system supports both single beam transmission andmulti-beam transmission. When a plurality of SS blocks are transmittedwithin the periodicity of the SS burst set, an SS block index can beassigned to each of a plurality of the SS blocks. In order to performrandomization between SS blocks for inter-cell, it is necessary todetermine a scrambling sequence by an index related to an SS block. Forexample, If an index of an SS block is derived from an index of a slotand an index of an OFDM symbol, a scrambling sequence of NR-PBCH can bedetermined by the index of the sot and the index of the OFDM symbol.

And, if a network sets such a short period as 5 ms or 10 ms to an SSburst set, the SS burst set can be more transmitted during the sametime. In this case, a UE may have ambiguity regarding a TTI boundary ofNR-PBCHs transmitted within the default periodicity. In order toindicate an NR-PBCH TTI boundary for a periodicity shorter than thedefault periodicity, it may consider a different scrambling sequence ofNR-PBCH for the periodicity shorter than the default periodicity. Forexample, if a periodicity of 5 ms of an SS burst set is assumed, 16scrambling sequences are applied to NR-PBCH. By doing so, it may have amerit in that it is able to indicate a precise boundary of NR-PBCHtransmission within NR-PBCH TTI. On the contrary, blind detectioncomplexity for NR-PBCH decoding is increased. In order to reduce theblind decoding complexity of the NR-PBCH, it may consider applying adifferent NR-SSS sequence to distinguish NR-SSS having a defaultperiodicity from NR-SSS additionally transmitted within the defaultperiodicity.

17. Time Index Indication Method

Referring to FIG. 25, time information includes SFN (system framenumber), a half frame interval, and an SS block time index. The timeinformation can be represented by 10 bits for the SFN, 1 bit for thehalf frame, and 6 bits for the SS block time index. In this case, a partof the 10 bits for the SFN can be included in PBCH contents. And,NR-DMRS can include 3 bits among the 6 bits for the SS block time index.

In FIG. 25, embodiments for the time index indication method aredescribed in the following.

-   -   Method 1: S2 S1 (PBCH scrambling)+S0 C0(PBCH contents)    -   Method 2: S2 S1 S0 (PBCH scrambling)+C0 (PBCH contents)    -   Method 3: S2 S1 (PBCH scrambling)+S0 C0 (PBCH DMRS)    -   Method 4: S2 S1 S0 (PBCH scrambling)+C0 (PBCH DMRS)

If half frame indication is forwarded via the NR-PBCH DMRS, it may beable to have additional performance enhancement by combining PBCH datain every 5 ms. To this end, as shown in the methods 3 and 4, 1 bit forthe half frame indication can be forwarded via the NR-PBCH DMRS.

When the methods 3 and 4 are compared, although the method 3 reduces adecoding count, the method 3 may bring about a loss of PBCH DMRSperformance. If PBCH DMRS is able to forward 5 bits including S0, C0,B0, B1, and B2 with excellent performance, the method 3 can be used asan appropriate timing indication method. However, if the PBCH DMRS isunable to forward the 5 bits with excellent performance, the method 4can be used as an appropriate timing indication method.

In particular, the top 7 bits of the SFN can be included in the PBCHcontents and the bottom 2 or 3 bits can be forwarded via PBCHscrambling. And, the bottom 3 bits of the SS block index are included inthe PBCH DMRS and the top 3 bits of the SS block index can be includedin the PBCH contents.

In addition, it may consider a method of obtaining an SS block timeindex of a neighboring cell. Since decoding via a DMRS sequence showsbetter performance compared to decoding via the PBCH contents, if a DMRSsequence is changed within 5 ms, it is able to transmit 3 bits of the SSblock index.

Meanwhile, in a frequency range equal to or narrower than 6 GHz, an SSblock time index can be transmitted using NR-PBCH DMRS of a neighboringcell only. On the contrary, in a frequency range equal to or wider than6 GHz, since 64 SS block indexes are separately indicated via PBCH-DMRSand PBCH contents, it is not necessary for a UE to perform decoding onPBCH of a neighboring cell.

However, if decoding is performed on PBCH-DMRS and PBCH contentstogether, it may bring about additional NR-PBCH decoding complexity anddecoding performance of PBCH can be deteriorated compared to a case ofusing the PBCH-DMRS only. As a result, it may be difficult to performdecoding on PBCH to receive an SS block of a neighboring cell.

It may consider a method for a serving cell to provide a UE with aconfiguration related to an SS block index of a neighboring cell insteadof a method of decoding PBCH of the neighboring cell. For example, theserving cell provides the UE with a configuration related to the top 3bits of an SS block index of a target neighboring cell and the UEdetects the bottom 3 bits via PBCH-DMRS. Then, the UE is able to obtainthe SS block index of the target neighboring cell by combining the top 3bits with the bottom 3 bits.

18. Soft Combining

It is necessary for NR system to support wise soft combining to an SSburst set for efficient resource utilization and PBCH coverage. SinceNR-PBCH is updated in every 80 ms and the SS bust set is transmitted inevery default periodicity of 20 ms, soft combining of at least 4 timescan be performed on NR-PBCH decoding. If a periodicity shorter than thedefault periodicity is indicated to the SS burst set, more OFDM symbolscan be used for soft combining for PBCH.

19. PBCH Decoding for the Neighboring Cell Measurements

In order to measure a neighboring cell, it is necessary to determinewhether or not a UE performs decoding on NR-PBCHs of neighboring cells.Since decoding of neighboring cells increases UE complexity, it ispreferable not to increase unnecessary complexity. Hence, it isnecessary for the UE to assume that the UE needs not decode NR-PBCH of aneighboring cell when the UE measures the neighboring cell.

On the contrary, if an SS block index is forwarded via a signal of aspecific type, the UE performs signal detection and may be then able toobtain SS block indexes of neighboring cells. By doing so, it is able toreduce UE complexity. Meanwhile, the signal of the specific type maycorrespond to NR-PBCH DMRS.

20. Measurement Result Evaluation

In the following, a performance measurement result according to apayload size, a transmission scheme, and a DMRS is explained. In thiscase, assume that two OFDM symbols having 24 RBs are used to transmitNR-PBCH. And, assume that an SS burst set (i.e., 10, 20, 40, 80 ms) hasa plurality of periods and a coded bit is transmitted within 80 ms.

(1) Payload Size and NR-PBCH Resource

FIG. 26 provides an evaluation result according to MIB payload size(e.g., 64, 80 bits). In this case, assume that 384 REs and 192 REs for aDMRS are used in two OFDM symbols and 24 RBs. And, assume that a singleantenna port-based transmission scheme (i.e., TD-PVS) is used.

Referring to FIG. 26, NR-PBCH of a period of 20 ms shows an error rateof 1% in −6 dB SNR. In case of a payload of 64 bits, it is able to seethat the payload has a gain as much as 0.8 dB compared to a payload of80 bits. In particular, if a payload size between 64 bits and 80 bits isassumed, a performance requirement of NRR-PBCH (i.e., 1% BLER in −6 dBSNR) can be satisfied using 24 RBs and 2 OFDM symbols.

(2) Transmission Scheme

FIG. 27 provides an evaluation result according to NR-PBCH transmissionscheme such as TD-PVS and FD-PVS. A precoder is cycled in every PBCHtransmission subframe (e.g., 20 ms) for the TD-PVS and all of the Nnumber of RBs (e.g., N corresponds to 6) for the FD-PVS. In FIG. 27,soft combining of NR-PBCH is assumed in a plurality of periods (i.e.,10, 20, 40, and 80 ms) of an SS burst set.

As shown in FIG. 27, a TD-PVS (time-domain precoding vector switching)scheme shows excellent channel estimation performance better thanperformance of an FD-PVS (frequency-domain precoding vector switching).In this case, it is able to see that channel estimation performance ismore important than transmit diversity gain in a very low SNR region.

(3) DMRS Density

In a low SNR region, channel estimation performance enhancement is animportant element for enhancing demodulation performance. However, if RSdensity of NR-PBCH increases, although the channel estimationperformance is enhanced, coding speed is reduced. In order to compromisebetween the channel estimation performance and a channel coding gain,decoding performance is compared according to DMRS density. FIG. 32illustrates DMRS density.

FIG. 28 (a) illustrates a case of using 2 REs per symbol for a DMRS,FIG. 32 (b) illustrates a case of using 4 REs per symbol for a DMRS, andFIG. 32 (c) illustrates a case of using 6 REs per symbol for a DMRS.And, assume that the present evaluation uses a single port-basedtransmission scheme (i.e., TD-PVS).

FIG. 28 illustrates an embodiment of a DMRS pattern for a single antennaport-based transmission. Referring to FIG. 28, while a DMRS positionmaintains the same distance between reference signals in frequencydomain, RS density is changed. FIG. 29 illustrates a performance resultof a DMRS according to reference signal density.

As shown in FIG. 29, NR-PBCH decoding performance shown in FIG. 28 (b)shows excellent channel estimation performance. In particular, theNR-PBCH decoding performance is superior to the performance shown inFIG. 28 (a). On the contrary, referring to FIG. 28 (c), since an effectof a coding speed loss is greater than a gain of channel estimationperformance enhancement, performance shown in FIG. 28 (c) is inferior tothe performance of FIG. 28 (b). Due to the abovementioned reason, it ispreferable to design RS density of 4 REs per symbol.

(4) DMRS Time Position and CFO Estimation

If NR system supports self-contained DMRS, it may be able to performfine frequency offset tracking on NR-PBCH using the self-contained DMRS.Since frequency offset estimation accuracy depends on an OFDM symboldistance, as shown in FIG. 30, it may assume three types of NR-PBCHsymbol spacing.

CFO estimation is performed in SNR of −6 dB according to each of NR-PBCHsymbol spacing shown in FIG. 30. A sample of 10% CFO (1.5 kHz) isapplied in a subframe. 4 REs per symbol are used as an independent RSand the REs are included in a symbol in which PBCH is transmitted.

FIGS. 31 and 32 illustrate CDF of CFO estimated according to a differentNR-PBCH symbol spacing. As shown in FIGS. 31 and 32, 90% of UEs canestimate CFO of 1.5 kHz within an error range of ±200 Hz. If minimum 2symbols are introduced as NR-PBCH symbol spacing, 95% of UEs canestimate CFO within an error range of ±200 Hz and 90% of UEs canestimate CFO within an error range of ±100 Hz.

A phase offset due to CFO increases as spacing is getting bigger. If aninterval between PBCH symbols is bigger, CFO estimation performance isbetter. Hence, similar to noise suppression, it is able to easilymeasure the phase offset. And, if a size of an average window is big, itis able to increase accuracy of CFO estimation.

In the following, detection performance of an SS block index accordingto the number of DMRS sequence hypotheses, a modulation type, sequencegeneration, and DMRS RE mapping is explained. In the present measurementresult, assume that 2 OFDM symbols are used for transmitting NR-PBCH to24 RBs. And, it may consider multiple periods of an SS burst set. Themultiple periods may include 10 ms, 20 ms, and 40 ms.

(5) Number of DMRS Hypotheses

FIG. 33 illustrates a measurement result according to an SS block index.In this case, 144 REs are used for a DMRS within 24 RBs and 2 OFDMsymbols 432 REs are used for information. And, assume that a longsequence (e.g., a gold sequence of a length of 31) is used as a DMRSsequence and QPSK is used.

Referring to FIG. 33, if detection performance of 3 to 5 bits ismeasured two times by accumulating the detection performance, it showsan error rate of 1% in SNR of −6 dB. In particular, information of 3 to5 bits can be used as the number of hypotheses for a DMRS sequence inthe aspect of detection performance.

(6) Modulation Type

FIGS. 34 and 35 illustrate performance measurement results of BPSK andQPSK. The present experiment is performed based on an assumption that aDMRS hypothesis corresponds to 3 bits and a long sequence is used as aDMRS sequence. A power level of interference TRP is identical to a powerlevel of serving TRP.

Referring to FIGS. 34 and 35, performance of BPSK is similar toperformance of QPSK. In particular, there is no significant differencein terms of performance measurement irrespective of a modulation typefor a DMRS sequence. However, referring to FIG. 36, it is able to seethat a correlation property varies depending on BPSK and QPSK.

Referring to FIG. 36, BPSK is more distributed to a region of whichcorrelation amplitude is 0.1 compared to QPSK. Hence, when multi-cellenvironment is considered, it is preferable to use the QPSK as amodulation type of a DMRS. In particular, the QPSK corresponds to amodulation type more suitable for a DMRS sequence in the aspect of thecorrelation property.

(7) Sequence Generation of PBCH DMRS

FIGS. 37 to 38 illustrate a measurement result according to DMRSsequence generation. A DMRS sequence can be generated based on a longsequence of a polynomial expression order equal to or greater than 30 ora short sequence of a polynomial expression order equal to or less than8. And, assume that a hypothesis for a DMRS corresponds to 3 bits and apower level of interference TRP is identical to that of serving TRP.

Referring to FIGS. 37 to 38, it is able to see that detectionperformance generated based on a short sequence is similar to detectionperformance generated based on a long sequence.

(8) DMRS RE Mapping

FIG. 39 illustrates performance measurement results according to an REmapping method. In this case, assume that a hypothesis for a DMRScorresponds to 3 bits, a DMRS sequence is based on a long sequence, anda power level of interference TRP is identical to that of serving TRP.And, assume that there is only one interference source.

As shown in FIG. 39, if variable RE mapping is used, it may have aneffect that interference is randomly distributed. In particular,detection performance of the variable RE mapping is superior toperformance of fixed RE mapping.

FIG. 40 illustrates a measurement result when RS power boost is used. Inthis case, assume that RE transmit power for DMRS is higher than REtransmit power for PBCH data as much as about 1.76 dB. If variable REmapping and DMRS power boosting are used together, interference of adifferent cell is reduced. As shown in FIG. 40, if RS power boosting isapplied, it may have a performance gain as much as 2-3 dB compared to acase of not applying the RS power boosting.

On the contrary, the RS power boosting may decrease RE transmit powerfor PBCH data. Hence, the RS power boosting may influence on PBCHperformance. FIGS. 41 to 42 illustrate measurement results for PBCHperformance when RS power boosting is applied and the RS power boostingis not applied. In this case, assume that a periodicity of an SS burstset corresponds to 40 ms and a coded bit is transmitted within 80 ms.

If transmit power of an RE for PBCH data is decreased, performance lossmay occur. However, channel estimation performance is enhanced due tothe increase of RS power, thereby enhancing demodulation performance. Inparticular, as shown in FIGS. 41 to 42, performance is similar in bothcases. In particular, the performance loss due to the decrease of thetransmit power of the RE for PBCH data can be complemented by a gain ofthe channel estimation performance.

Table 6 in the following shows assumption values of parameters used forthe performance measurement.

TABLE 6 Parameter Value Carrier Frequency 4 GHz Channel Model CDL_C(delay scaling values: 100 ns) Subcarrier Spacing 15 kHz AntennaConfiguration TRP: (1, 1, 2) with Omni- directional antenna element UE:(1, 1, 2) with Omni- directional antenna element Frequency Offset 0% and10% of subcarrier spacing Default period 20 ms Subframe duration 1 msOFDM symbols in SF 14 Number of interfering TRPs  1 Operating SNR −6 dB

21. BWP (Bandwidth Part) for Transmitting Downlink Common Channel

An initial access procedure of LTE operates within a system bandwidthconfigured by MIB. And, PSS/SSS/PBCH is aligned on the basis of thecenter of the system bandwidth. And, a common search space is defined inthe system bandwidth, system information is forwarded by PDSCH assignedwithin the system bandwidth, and a RACH procedure for Msg 1/2/3/4operates within the system bandwidth.

Meanwhile, although NR system supports an operation in a broadband CC,it is very difficult to implement a UE capable of performing a necessaryoperation in all broadband CCs in the aspect of cost. Hence, it may bedifficult to implement the UE to smoothly perform an initial accessprocedure within a system bandwidth.

In order to solve the problem, as shown in FIG. 42, NR can define a BWPfor performing an initial access operation. In NR system, SS blocktransmission, system information forwarding, paging, and an initialaccess procedure for a RACH procedure can be performed within the BWPcorresponding to each UE. And, at least one downlink BWP can include aCORESET having a common search space in at least one primary componentcarrier.

Hence, at least one selected from the group consisting of RMSI, OSI,paging, and RACH message 2/4-related downlink control information istransmitted in the CORESET having a common search space. A downlink datachannel associated with the downlink control information can be assignedwithin a downlink BWP. And, a UE can anticipate that an SS block is tobe transmitted within a BWP corresponding to the UE.

In particular, in NR, at least one or more downlink BWPs can be used fortransmitting a downlink common channel. In this case, a signal capableof being included in the downlink common channel may correspond to an SSblock, CORESET having a common search space and RMSI, OSI, paging, PDSCHfor RACH message 2/4, and the like.

(1) Numerology

In NR, subcarrier spacing such as 15, 30, 60, and 120 kHz are used fortransmitting data. Hence, numerology for PDCCH and PDSCH within a BWPfor a downlink common channel can be selected from among numerologiesdefined for data transmission. For example, in a frequency range equalto or narrower than 6 GHz, at least one or more subcarrier spacing canbe selected from among 15 kHz, 30 kHz and 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. Ina frequency range ranging from 6 GHz to 52.6 GHz, at least one or moresubcarrier spacing can be selected from among 60 kHz and 120 kHzsubcarrier spacing.

However, in a frequency range equal to or narrower than 6 GHz,subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz is already defined for a URLLC service.Hence, the subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz is not appropriate fortransmitting PBCH in the frequency range equal to or narrower than 6GHz. Hence, in the frequency range equal to or narrower than 6 GHz, itmay use subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz or 30 kHz to transmit a downlinkcommon channel. In a frequency range equal to or wider than 6 GHz, itmay use subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz or 120 kHz.

Meanwhile, NR system supports subcarrier spacing of 15, 30, 120, and 240kHz to transmit an SS block. It may assume that the same subcarrierspacing is applied to an SS block, CORESET having a common search spaceand RMSI, paging, and a downlink channel such as PDSCH for RAR. Hence,if the assumption is applied, it is not necessary to define numerologyinformation in PBCH contents.

On the contrary, subcarrier spacing for a downlink control channel canbe changed. For example, when subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz is appliedto transmit an SS block in a frequency band equal to or wider than 6GHz, since the subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz is not defined for datatransmission, it is necessary to change the subcarrier spacing totransmit data. In particular, the SCS can be changed to transmit data.The change of the SCS can be indicated using 1-bit indicator in PBCHcontents. The 1-bit indicator can be comprehended as {15, 30 kHz} or{60, 120 kHz} according to a carrier frequency range. And, indicatedsubcarrier spacing can be regarded as reference numerology for an RBgrid.

(2) Bandwidth of BWP for Transmitting Downlink Common Channel

In NR system, it is not necessary for a bandwidth of a BWP for adownlink common channel to be identical to a system bandwidth on which anetwork operates. In particular, the bandwidth of the BWP may benarrower than the system bandwidth. In particular, the bandwidth shouldbe wider than a carrier minimum bandwidth but should be narrower than aUE minimum bandwidth.

In particular, in case of a BWP for transmitting a downlink commonchannel, it may be able to define a bandwidth of the BWP is to be widerthan a bandwidth of an SS block and is to be equal to or narrower than aspecific downlink bandwidth of all UEs capable of operating in eachfrequency range. For example, in a frequency range equal to or narrowerthan 6 GHz, a carrier minimum bandwidth is defined by 5 MHz and a UEminimum bandwidth can be assumed as 20 MHz. In this case, a bandwidth ofa downlink common channel can be defined in a range ranging from 5 MHzto 20 MHz.

(3) Bandwidth Configuration

FIG. 44 illustrates an example of configuring a bandwidth.

A UE attempts to detect a signal within a bandwidth of an SS block whilean initial synchronization procedure including cell ID detection andPBCH decoding is performed. Subsequently, the UE can continuouslyperform a next initial access procedure within a bandwidth for adownlink common channel. In particular, the UE obtains systeminformation and may be then able to perform a RACH procedure.

Meanwhile, an indicator indicating a relative frequency position betweena bandwidth for an SS block and a bandwidth for a downlink commonchannel can be defined in PBCH contents. In order to simplify theindication of the relative frequency position, a bandwidth for aplurality of SS blocks may correspond to a candidate position at whichan SS block is positioned within the bandwidth for the downlink commonchannel.

For example, assume that a bandwidth of an SS block corresponds to 5 MHzand a bandwidth of a downlink common channel corresponds to 20 MHz. Inthis case, in order to find out the SS block within the bandwidth forthe downlink common channel, it may be able to define 4 candidatepositions.

22. CORESET Configuration

(1) CORESET Information and RMSI Scheduling Information

It is more efficient for a network to transmit CORESET informationincluding RMSI scheduling information to a UE rather than directlyindicate scheduling information on RMSI. In particular, it may be ableto indicate frequency resource-related information such as CORESET, abandwidth for a frequency position, and the like in the PBCH contents.And, it may be able to additionally configure time resource-relatedinformation such as a start OFDM symbol duration, the number of OFDMsymbols, and the like to flexibly use a network resource.

And, a network can transmit information on a common search spacemonitoring period, duration, and offset to a UE to reduce UE detectioncomplexity.

Meanwhile, a transmission type and bundling can be fixed according toCORESET of a common search space. In this case, the transmission typecan be determined according to whether or not a transmission signal isinterleaved.

(2) Number of OFDM Symbols Included in Slot

In relation to the number of OFDM symbols included in a slot or acarrier frequency range equal to or narrower than 6 GHz, it may considertwo candidates such as a slot including 7 OFDM symbols and a slotincluding 14 OFDM symbols. If NR system determines to support the twotypes of slots for a carrier frequency range equal to or narrower than 6GHz, it is necessary to define a method of indicating a slot type todisplay a time resource of CORESET having a common search space.

(3) Bit Size of PBCH Contents

In order to indicate numerology, a bandwidth, and CORESET information inthe PBCH contents, as shown in table 8, it may be able to designateabout 14 bits.

TABLE 7 Bit size Details 6 GHz For a6 GHz Reference numerology [1] [1]Bandwidth for DL common channel, and SS [3] [2] block position # of OFDMsymbols in a Slot [1] 0 CORESET About [10] About [10] (Frequencyresource - bandwidth, location) (Time resource - starting OFDM symbol,Duration) (UE Monitoring Periodicity, offset, duration) Total About [14]

Referring to FIG. 45, a communication apparatus 4500 includes aprocessor 4510, a memory 4520, an RF module 4530, a display module 4540,and a User Interface (UI) module 4550.

The communication device 4500 is shown as having the configurationillustrated in FIG. 45, for the convenience of description. Some modulesmay be added to or omitted from the communication apparatus 4500. Inaddition, a module of the communication apparatus 4500 may be dividedinto more modules. The processor 4510 is configured to performoperations according to the embodiments of the present disclosuredescribed before with reference to the drawings. Specifically, fordetailed operations of the processor 6010, the descriptions of FIGS. 1to 44 may be referred to.

The memory 4520 is connected to the processor 4510 and stores anOperating System (OS), applications, program codes, data, etc. The RFmodule 4530, which is connected to the processor 4510, upconverts abaseband signal to an RF signal or downconverts an RF signal to abaseband signal. For this purpose, the RF module 4530 performsdigital-to-analog conversion, amplification, filtering, and frequencyupconversion or performs these processes reversely. The display module4540 is connected to the processor 4510 and displays various types ofinformation. The display module 4540 may be configured as, not limitedto, a known component such as a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), a LightEmitting Diode (LED) display, and an Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED)display. The UI module 4550 is connected to the processor 4510 and maybe configured with a combination of known user interfaces such as akeypad, a touch screen, etc.

The embodiments of the present invention described above arecombinations of elements and features of the present invention. Theelements or features may be considered selective unless otherwisementioned. Each element or feature may be practiced without beingcombined with other elements or features. Further, an embodiment of thepresent invention may be constructed by combining parts of the elementsand/or features. Operation orders described in embodiments of thepresent invention may be rearranged. Some constructions of any oneembodiment may be included in another embodiment and may be replacedwith corresponding constructions of another embodiment. It is obvious tothose skilled in the art that claims that are not explicitly cited ineach other in the appended claims may be presented in combination as anembodiment of the present invention or included as a new claim by asubsequent amendment after the application is filed.

A specific operation described as performed by a BS may be performed byan upper node of the BS. Namely, it is apparent that, in a networkcomprised of a plurality of network nodes including a BS, variousoperations performed for communication with a UE may be performed by theBS, or network nodes other than the BS. The term ‘BS’ may be replacedwith the term ‘fixed station’, ‘Node B’, ‘evolved Node B (eNode B oreNB)’, ‘Access Point (AP)’, etc.

The embodiments of the present invention may be achieved by variousmeans, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combinationthereof. In a hardware configuration, the methods according to exemplaryembodiments of the present invention may be achieved by one or moreApplication Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Digital SignalProcessors (DSPs), Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs),Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors,etc.

In a firmware or software configuration, an embodiment of the presentinvention may be implemented in the form of a module, a procedure, afunction, etc. Software code may be stored in a memory unit and executedby a processor. The memory unit is located at the interior or exteriorof the processor and may transmit and receive data to and from theprocessor via various known means.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention maybe carried out in other specific ways than those set forth hereinwithout departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of thepresent disclosure. The above embodiments are therefore to be construedin all aspects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of thedisclosure should be determined by the appended claims and their legalequivalents, not by the above description, and all changes coming withinthe meaning and equivalency range of the appended claims are intended tobe embraced therein.

Although a method of receiving a synchronization signal and an apparatustherefor are described centering on the example applied to 5^(th)generation NewRAT system, the method and the apparatus can be appliednot only to the 5^(th) generation NewRAT system but also to variouswireless communication systems.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of receiving a synchronization signaland physical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block by a user equipment (UE)operating on a frequency band above 6 GHz in a wireless communicationsystem, the method comprising: receiving system information including(i) first information related to one or more SS/PBCH block groups and(ii) second information related to one or more SS/PBCH blocks withineach of the one or more of SS/PBCH block groups; and receiving theSS/PBCH block based on the first information and the second information,wherein the first information informs the UE of the one or more SS/PBCHblock groups, in each of which the one or more SS/PBCH blocks aretransmitted, wherein the second information informs the UE of the one ormore transmitted SS/PBCH blocks within each of the one or more SS/PBCHblock groups, wherein the second information is commonly used for theone or more SS/PBCH block groups informed by the first information,wherein each of the one or more transmitted SS/PBCH blocks includes aprimary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal(SSS), and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal, and wherein thefirst information is in a form of a bitmap and a length of the bitmap is8 bits.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a value 1 in the bitmapindicates that the SS/PBCH blocks are transmitted.
 3. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the second information is in a form of a bitmap.
 4. Themethod of claim 3, wherein a value 0 in the bitmap indicates that thecorresponding SS/PBCH block is not transmitted while the value 1indicates that the corresponding SS/PBCH block is transmitted.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the second information comprises a number ofthe one or more transmitted SS/PBCH blocks.
 6. The method of claim 1,wherein the system information is received in a system information block(SIB).
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE assumes that receptionoccasions on a PBCH, PSS and SSS are in consecutive symbols and form aSS/PBCH block.
 8. A user equipment (UE) configured to operate on afrequency band above 6 GHz and to receive a synchronization signal andphysical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block in a wireless communicationsystem, the UE comprising: a transceiver; at least one processor; and atleast one computer memory operably connectable to the at least oneprocessor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at leastone processor, perform operations comprising: receiving, through thetransceiver, system information including (i) first information relatedto one or more SS/PBCH block groups and (ii) second information relatedto one or more SS/PBCH blocks within each of the one or more of SS/PBCHblock groups, and receiving, through the transceiver, the SS/PBCH blockbased on the first information and the second information, wherein thefirst information informs the UE of the one or more SS/PBCH blockgroups, in each of which the one or more SS/PBCH blocks are transmitted,wherein the second information informs the UE of the one or moretransmitted SS/PBCH blocks within each of the one or more SS/PBCH blockgroups, wherein the second information is commonly used for the one ormore SS/PBCH block groups informed by the first information, whereineach of the one or more transmitted SS/PBCH blocks includes a primarysynchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS),and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) signal, and wherein the firstinformation is in a form of a bitmap and a length of the bitmap is 8bits.
 9. The UE of claim 8, wherein a value 1 in the bitmap indicatesthat the SS/PBCH blocks are transmitted.
 10. The UE of claim 8, whereinthe second information is in a form of a bitmap.
 11. The UE of claim 10,wherein a value 0 in the bitmap indicates that the corresponding SS/PBCHblock is not transmitted while the value 1 indicates that thecorresponding SS/PBCH block is transmitted.
 12. The UE of claim 8,wherein the second information comprises a number of the one or moretransmitted SS/PBCH blocks.
 13. The UE of claim 8, wherein the systeminformation is received in a system information block (SIB).
 14. The UEof claim 8, wherein the UE assumes that reception occasions on a PBCH,PSS and SSS are in consecutive symbols and form a SS/PBCH block.
 15. Anapparatus configured to control a user equipment (UE) to operate on afrequency band above 6 GHz and to receive a synchronization signal andphysical broadcast channel (SS/PBCH) block in a wireless communicationsystem, the apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at leastone computer memory operably connectable to the at least one processorand storing instructions that, when executed by the at least oneprocessor, perform operations comprising: receiving system informationincluding (i) first information related to one or more SS/PBCH blockgroups and (ii) second information related to one or more SS/PBCH blockswithin each of the one or more of SS/PBCH block groups, and receivingthe SS/PBCH block based on the first information and the secondinformation, wherein the first information informs the UE of the one ormore SS/PBCH block groups, in each of which the one or more SS/PBCHblocks are transmitted, wherein the second information informs the UE ofthe one or more transmitted SS/PBCH blocks within each of the one ormore SS/PBCH block groups, wherein the second information is commonlyused for the one or more SS/PBCH block groups informed by the firstinformation, wherein each of the one or more transmitted SS/PBCH blocksincludes a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondarysynchronization signal (SSS), and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH)signal, and wherein the first information is in a form of a bitmap and alength of the bitmap is 8 bits.
 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein avalue 1 in the bitmap indicates that the SS/PBCH blocks are transmitted.17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the second information is in aform of a bitmap.
 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein a value 0 inthe bitmap indicates that the corresponding SS/PBCH block is nottransmitted while the value 1 indicates that the corresponding SS/PBCHblock is transmitted.